Re: [PATCH v5 04/27] x86/fpu/xstate: Add XSAVES system states for shadow stack

[Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>]

On 11/8/18 2:00 PM, Matthew Wilcox wrote:
> struct a {
> 	char c;
> 	struct b b;
> };
> 
> we want struct b to start at offset 8, but with __packed, it will start
> at offset 1.

You're talking about how we want the struct laid out in memory if we
have control over the layout.  I'm talking about what happens if
something *else* tells us the layout, like a hardware specification
which is what is in play with the XSAVE instruction dictated layout
that's in question here.

What I'm concerned about is a structure like this:

struct foo {
        u32 i1;
        u64 i2;
};

If we leave that to natural alignment, we end up with a 16-byte
structure laid out like this:

	0-3	i1
	3-8	alignment gap
	8-15	i2

Which isn't what we want.  We want a 12-byte structure, laid out like this:

	0-3	i1
	4-11	i2

Which we get with:


struct foo {
        u32 i1;
        u64 i2;
} __packed;

Now, looking at Yu-cheng's specific example, it doesn't matter.  We've
got 64-bit types and natural 64-bit alignment.  Without __packed, we
need to look out for natural alignment screwing us up.  With __packed,
it just does what it *looks* like it does.