* [PATCH 4.9 01/38] x86/speculation: Add RETPOLINE_AMD support to the inline asm CALL_NOSPEC variant
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 02/38] x86/retpoline: Make CONFIG_RETPOLINE depend on compiler support Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (42 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Zhenzhong Duan, Borislav Petkov,
Daniel Borkmann, David Woodhouse, H. Peter Anvin, Ingo Molnar,
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk, Peter Zijlstra, Thomas Gleixner,
Wang YanQing, dhaval.giani, srinivas.eeda, Ben Hutchings
From: Zhenzhong Duan <zhenzhong.duan@oracle.com>
commit 0cbb76d6285794f30953bfa3ab831714b59dd700 upstream.
..so that they match their asm counterpart.
Add the missing ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE in CALL_NOSPEC, while at it.
Signed-off-by: Zhenzhong Duan <zhenzhong.duan@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Wang YanQing <udknight@gmail.com>
Cc: dhaval.giani@oracle.com
Cc: srinivas.eeda@oracle.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/c3975665-173e-4d70-8dee-06c926ac26ee@default
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h | 17 +++++++++++++----
1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
@@ -172,11 +172,15 @@
*/
# define CALL_NOSPEC \
ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE \
- ALTERNATIVE( \
+ ALTERNATIVE_2( \
ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE \
"call *%[thunk_target]\n", \
"call __x86_indirect_thunk_%V[thunk_target]\n", \
- X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE)
+ X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE, \
+ "lfence;\n" \
+ ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE \
+ "call *%[thunk_target]\n", \
+ X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD)
# define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "r" (addr)
#elif defined(CONFIG_X86_32) && defined(CONFIG_RETPOLINE)
@@ -186,7 +190,8 @@
* here, anyway.
*/
# define CALL_NOSPEC \
- ALTERNATIVE( \
+ ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE \
+ ALTERNATIVE_2( \
ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE \
"call *%[thunk_target]\n", \
" jmp 904f;\n" \
@@ -201,7 +206,11 @@
" ret;\n" \
" .align 16\n" \
"904: call 901b;\n", \
- X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE)
+ X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE, \
+ "lfence;\n" \
+ ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE \
+ "call *%[thunk_target]\n", \
+ X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD)
# define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "rm" (addr)
#else /* No retpoline for C / inline asm */
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 02/38] x86/retpoline: Make CONFIG_RETPOLINE depend on compiler support
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 01/38] x86/speculation: Add RETPOLINE_AMD support to the inline asm CALL_NOSPEC variant Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 03/38] x86/retpoline: Remove minimal retpoline support Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (41 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Peter Zijlstra, Zhenzhong Duan,
Thomas Gleixner, David Woodhouse, Borislav Petkov,
Daniel Borkmann, H. Peter Anvin, Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk,
Andy Lutomirski, Masahiro Yamada, Michal Marek, srinivas.eeda,
Ben Hutchings
From: Zhenzhong Duan <zhenzhong.duan@oracle.com>
commit 4cd24de3a0980bf3100c9dcb08ef65ca7c31af48 upstream.
Since retpoline capable compilers are widely available, make
CONFIG_RETPOLINE hard depend on the compiler capability.
Break the build when CONFIG_RETPOLINE is enabled and the compiler does not
support it. Emit an error message in that case:
"arch/x86/Makefile:226: *** You are building kernel with non-retpoline
compiler, please update your compiler.. Stop."
[dwmw: Fail the build with non-retpoline compiler]
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Zhenzhong Duan <zhenzhong.duan@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net>
Cc: <srinivas.eeda@oracle.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/cca0cb20-f9e2-4094-840b-fb0f8810cd34@default
[bwh: Backported to 4.9:
- Drop change to objtool options
- Adjust context, indentation]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/Kconfig | 4 ----
arch/x86/Makefile | 5 +++--
arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h | 10 ++++++----
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 2 +-
4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
@@ -418,10 +418,6 @@ config RETPOLINE
branches. Requires a compiler with -mindirect-branch=thunk-extern
support for full protection. The kernel may run slower.
- Without compiler support, at least indirect branches in assembler
- code are eliminated. Since this includes the syscall entry path,
- it is not entirely pointless.
-
if X86_32
config X86_EXTENDED_PLATFORM
bool "Support for extended (non-PC) x86 platforms"
--- a/arch/x86/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/Makefile
@@ -221,9 +221,10 @@ ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE
RETPOLINE_CFLAGS_CLANG := -mretpoline-external-thunk
RETPOLINE_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,$(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS_GCC),$(call cc-option,$(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS_CLANG)))
- ifneq ($(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS),)
- KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS) -DRETPOLINE
+ ifeq ($(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS),)
+ $(error You are building kernel with non-retpoline compiler, please update your compiler.)
endif
+ KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS)
endif
archscripts: scripts_basic
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
@@ -164,11 +164,12 @@
_ASM_PTR " 999b\n\t" \
".popsection\n\t"
-#if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) && defined(RETPOLINE)
+#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
/*
- * Since the inline asm uses the %V modifier which is only in newer GCC,
- * the 64-bit one is dependent on RETPOLINE not CONFIG_RETPOLINE.
+ * Inline asm uses the %V modifier which is only in newer GCC
+ * which is ensured when CONFIG_RETPOLINE is defined.
*/
# define CALL_NOSPEC \
ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE \
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@
X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD)
# define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "r" (addr)
-#elif defined(CONFIG_X86_32) && defined(CONFIG_RETPOLINE)
+#else /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
/*
* For i386 we use the original ret-equivalent retpoline, because
* otherwise we'll run out of registers. We don't care about CET
@@ -213,6 +214,7 @@
X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD)
# define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "rm" (addr)
+#endif
#else /* No retpoline for C / inline asm */
# define CALL_NOSPEC "call *%[thunk_target]\n"
# define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "rm" (addr)
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ static void __init spec_v2_print_cond(co
static inline bool retp_compiler(void)
{
- return __is_defined(RETPOLINE);
+ return __is_defined(CONFIG_RETPOLINE);
}
static enum spectre_v2_mitigation_cmd __init spectre_v2_parse_cmdline(void)
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 03/38] x86/retpoline: Remove minimal retpoline support
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 01/38] x86/speculation: Add RETPOLINE_AMD support to the inline asm CALL_NOSPEC variant Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 02/38] x86/retpoline: Make CONFIG_RETPOLINE depend on compiler support Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 04/38] Documentation: Add section about CPU vulnerabilities for Spectre Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (40 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Peter Zijlstra, Zhenzhong Duan,
Thomas Gleixner, David Woodhouse, Borislav Petkov,
H. Peter Anvin, Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk, srinivas.eeda,
Ben Hutchings
From: Zhenzhong Duan <zhenzhong.duan@oracle.com>
commit ef014aae8f1cd2793e4e014bbb102bed53f852b7 upstream.
Now that CONFIG_RETPOLINE hard depends on compiler support, there is no
reason to keep the minimal retpoline support around which only provided
basic protection in the assembly files.
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Zhenzhong Duan <zhenzhong.duan@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: <srinivas.eeda@oracle.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/f06f0a89-5587-45db-8ed2-0a9d6638d5c0@default
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h | 2 --
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 13 ++-----------
2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
@@ -223,8 +223,6 @@
/* The Spectre V2 mitigation variants */
enum spectre_v2_mitigation {
SPECTRE_V2_NONE,
- SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_MINIMAL,
- SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_MINIMAL_AMD,
SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_GENERIC,
SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_AMD,
SPECTRE_V2_IBRS_ENHANCED,
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -784,8 +784,6 @@ set_mode:
static const char * const spectre_v2_strings[] = {
[SPECTRE_V2_NONE] = "Vulnerable",
- [SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_MINIMAL] = "Vulnerable: Minimal generic ASM retpoline",
- [SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_MINIMAL_AMD] = "Vulnerable: Minimal AMD ASM retpoline",
[SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_GENERIC] = "Mitigation: Full generic retpoline",
[SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_AMD] = "Mitigation: Full AMD retpoline",
[SPECTRE_V2_IBRS_ENHANCED] = "Mitigation: Enhanced IBRS",
@@ -810,11 +808,6 @@ static void __init spec_v2_print_cond(co
pr_info("%s selected on command line.\n", reason);
}
-static inline bool retp_compiler(void)
-{
- return __is_defined(CONFIG_RETPOLINE);
-}
-
static enum spectre_v2_mitigation_cmd __init spectre_v2_parse_cmdline(void)
{
enum spectre_v2_mitigation_cmd cmd = SPECTRE_V2_CMD_AUTO;
@@ -912,14 +905,12 @@ retpoline_auto:
pr_err("Spectre mitigation: LFENCE not serializing, switching to generic retpoline\n");
goto retpoline_generic;
}
- mode = retp_compiler() ? SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_AMD :
- SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_MINIMAL_AMD;
+ mode = SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_AMD;
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD);
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE);
} else {
retpoline_generic:
- mode = retp_compiler() ? SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_GENERIC :
- SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_MINIMAL;
+ mode = SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_GENERIC;
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE);
}
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 04/38] Documentation: Add section about CPU vulnerabilities for Spectre
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 03/38] x86/retpoline: Remove minimal retpoline support Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 05/38] Documentation: Add swapgs description to the Spectre v1 documentation Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (39 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Andi Kleen, Tim Chen, Randy Dunlap,
Thomas Gleixner, Jonathan Corbet, Ben Hutchings
From: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
commit 6e88559470f581741bcd0f2794f9054814ac9740 upstream.
Add documentation for Spectre vulnerability and the mitigation mechanisms:
- Explain the problem and risks
- Document the mitigation mechanisms
- Document the command line controls
- Document the sysfs files
Co-developed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Co-developed-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
[bwh: Backported to 4.9:
- Drop chnages in spec_ctrl.rst, which is a plain-text document here
- Adjust filenames and references to spec_ctrl.rst]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
Documentation/hw-vuln/index.rst | 1
Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst | 697 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 698 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
--- a/Documentation/hw-vuln/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/hw-vuln/index.rst
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ are configurable at compile, boot or run
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
+ spectre
l1tf
mds
tsx_async_abort
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,697 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Spectre Side Channels
+=====================
+
+Spectre is a class of side channel attacks that exploit branch prediction
+and speculative execution on modern CPUs to read memory, possibly
+bypassing access controls. Speculative execution side channel exploits
+do not modify memory but attempt to infer privileged data in the memory.
+
+This document covers Spectre variant 1 and Spectre variant 2.
+
+Affected processors
+-------------------
+
+Speculative execution side channel methods affect a wide range of modern
+high performance processors, since most modern high speed processors
+use branch prediction and speculative execution.
+
+The following CPUs are vulnerable:
+
+ - Intel Core, Atom, Pentium, and Xeon processors
+
+ - AMD Phenom, EPYC, and Zen processors
+
+ - IBM POWER and zSeries processors
+
+ - Higher end ARM processors
+
+ - Apple CPUs
+
+ - Higher end MIPS CPUs
+
+ - Likely most other high performance CPUs. Contact your CPU vendor for details.
+
+Whether a processor is affected or not can be read out from the Spectre
+vulnerability files in sysfs. See :ref:`spectre_sys_info`.
+
+Related CVEs
+------------
+
+The following CVE entries describe Spectre variants:
+
+ ============= ======================= =================
+ CVE-2017-5753 Bounds check bypass Spectre variant 1
+ CVE-2017-5715 Branch target injection Spectre variant 2
+ ============= ======================= =================
+
+Problem
+-------
+
+CPUs use speculative operations to improve performance. That may leave
+traces of memory accesses or computations in the processor's caches,
+buffers, and branch predictors. Malicious software may be able to
+influence the speculative execution paths, and then use the side effects
+of the speculative execution in the CPUs' caches and buffers to infer
+privileged data touched during the speculative execution.
+
+Spectre variant 1 attacks take advantage of speculative execution of
+conditional branches, while Spectre variant 2 attacks use speculative
+execution of indirect branches to leak privileged memory.
+See :ref:`[1] <spec_ref1>` :ref:`[5] <spec_ref5>` :ref:`[7] <spec_ref7>`
+:ref:`[10] <spec_ref10>` :ref:`[11] <spec_ref11>`.
+
+Spectre variant 1 (Bounds Check Bypass)
+---------------------------------------
+
+The bounds check bypass attack :ref:`[2] <spec_ref2>` takes advantage
+of speculative execution that bypasses conditional branch instructions
+used for memory access bounds check (e.g. checking if the index of an
+array results in memory access within a valid range). This results in
+memory accesses to invalid memory (with out-of-bound index) that are
+done speculatively before validation checks resolve. Such speculative
+memory accesses can leave side effects, creating side channels which
+leak information to the attacker.
+
+There are some extensions of Spectre variant 1 attacks for reading data
+over the network, see :ref:`[12] <spec_ref12>`. However such attacks
+are difficult, low bandwidth, fragile, and are considered low risk.
+
+Spectre variant 2 (Branch Target Injection)
+-------------------------------------------
+
+The branch target injection attack takes advantage of speculative
+execution of indirect branches :ref:`[3] <spec_ref3>`. The indirect
+branch predictors inside the processor used to guess the target of
+indirect branches can be influenced by an attacker, causing gadget code
+to be speculatively executed, thus exposing sensitive data touched by
+the victim. The side effects left in the CPU's caches during speculative
+execution can be measured to infer data values.
+
+.. _poison_btb:
+
+In Spectre variant 2 attacks, the attacker can steer speculative indirect
+branches in the victim to gadget code by poisoning the branch target
+buffer of a CPU used for predicting indirect branch addresses. Such
+poisoning could be done by indirect branching into existing code,
+with the address offset of the indirect branch under the attacker's
+control. Since the branch prediction on impacted hardware does not
+fully disambiguate branch address and uses the offset for prediction,
+this could cause privileged code's indirect branch to jump to a gadget
+code with the same offset.
+
+The most useful gadgets take an attacker-controlled input parameter (such
+as a register value) so that the memory read can be controlled. Gadgets
+without input parameters might be possible, but the attacker would have
+very little control over what memory can be read, reducing the risk of
+the attack revealing useful data.
+
+One other variant 2 attack vector is for the attacker to poison the
+return stack buffer (RSB) :ref:`[13] <spec_ref13>` to cause speculative
+subroutine return instruction execution to go to a gadget. An attacker's
+imbalanced subroutine call instructions might "poison" entries in the
+return stack buffer which are later consumed by a victim's subroutine
+return instructions. This attack can be mitigated by flushing the return
+stack buffer on context switch, or virtual machine (VM) exit.
+
+On systems with simultaneous multi-threading (SMT), attacks are possible
+from the sibling thread, as level 1 cache and branch target buffer
+(BTB) may be shared between hardware threads in a CPU core. A malicious
+program running on the sibling thread may influence its peer's BTB to
+steer its indirect branch speculations to gadget code, and measure the
+speculative execution's side effects left in level 1 cache to infer the
+victim's data.
+
+Attack scenarios
+----------------
+
+The following list of attack scenarios have been anticipated, but may
+not cover all possible attack vectors.
+
+1. A user process attacking the kernel
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+ The attacker passes a parameter to the kernel via a register or
+ via a known address in memory during a syscall. Such parameter may
+ be used later by the kernel as an index to an array or to derive
+ a pointer for a Spectre variant 1 attack. The index or pointer
+ is invalid, but bound checks are bypassed in the code branch taken
+ for speculative execution. This could cause privileged memory to be
+ accessed and leaked.
+
+ For kernel code that has been identified where data pointers could
+ potentially be influenced for Spectre attacks, new "nospec" accessor
+ macros are used to prevent speculative loading of data.
+
+ Spectre variant 2 attacker can :ref:`poison <poison_btb>` the branch
+ target buffer (BTB) before issuing syscall to launch an attack.
+ After entering the kernel, the kernel could use the poisoned branch
+ target buffer on indirect jump and jump to gadget code in speculative
+ execution.
+
+ If an attacker tries to control the memory addresses leaked during
+ speculative execution, he would also need to pass a parameter to the
+ gadget, either through a register or a known address in memory. After
+ the gadget has executed, he can measure the side effect.
+
+ The kernel can protect itself against consuming poisoned branch
+ target buffer entries by using return trampolines (also known as
+ "retpoline") :ref:`[3] <spec_ref3>` :ref:`[9] <spec_ref9>` for all
+ indirect branches. Return trampolines trap speculative execution paths
+ to prevent jumping to gadget code during speculative execution.
+ x86 CPUs with Enhanced Indirect Branch Restricted Speculation
+ (Enhanced IBRS) available in hardware should use the feature to
+ mitigate Spectre variant 2 instead of retpoline. Enhanced IBRS is
+ more efficient than retpoline.
+
+ There may be gadget code in firmware which could be exploited with
+ Spectre variant 2 attack by a rogue user process. To mitigate such
+ attacks on x86, Indirect Branch Restricted Speculation (IBRS) feature
+ is turned on before the kernel invokes any firmware code.
+
+2. A user process attacking another user process
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+ A malicious user process can try to attack another user process,
+ either via a context switch on the same hardware thread, or from the
+ sibling hyperthread sharing a physical processor core on simultaneous
+ multi-threading (SMT) system.
+
+ Spectre variant 1 attacks generally require passing parameters
+ between the processes, which needs a data passing relationship, such
+ as remote procedure calls (RPC). Those parameters are used in gadget
+ code to derive invalid data pointers accessing privileged memory in
+ the attacked process.
+
+ Spectre variant 2 attacks can be launched from a rogue process by
+ :ref:`poisoning <poison_btb>` the branch target buffer. This can
+ influence the indirect branch targets for a victim process that either
+ runs later on the same hardware thread, or running concurrently on
+ a sibling hardware thread sharing the same physical core.
+
+ A user process can protect itself against Spectre variant 2 attacks
+ by using the prctl() syscall to disable indirect branch speculation
+ for itself. An administrator can also cordon off an unsafe process
+ from polluting the branch target buffer by disabling the process's
+ indirect branch speculation. This comes with a performance cost
+ from not using indirect branch speculation and clearing the branch
+ target buffer. When SMT is enabled on x86, for a process that has
+ indirect branch speculation disabled, Single Threaded Indirect Branch
+ Predictors (STIBP) :ref:`[4] <spec_ref4>` are turned on to prevent the
+ sibling thread from controlling branch target buffer. In addition,
+ the Indirect Branch Prediction Barrier (IBPB) is issued to clear the
+ branch target buffer when context switching to and from such process.
+
+ On x86, the return stack buffer is stuffed on context switch.
+ This prevents the branch target buffer from being used for branch
+ prediction when the return stack buffer underflows while switching to
+ a deeper call stack. Any poisoned entries in the return stack buffer
+ left by the previous process will also be cleared.
+
+ User programs should use address space randomization to make attacks
+ more difficult (Set /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space = 1 or 2).
+
+3. A virtualized guest attacking the host
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+ The attack mechanism is similar to how user processes attack the
+ kernel. The kernel is entered via hyper-calls or other virtualization
+ exit paths.
+
+ For Spectre variant 1 attacks, rogue guests can pass parameters
+ (e.g. in registers) via hyper-calls to derive invalid pointers to
+ speculate into privileged memory after entering the kernel. For places
+ where such kernel code has been identified, nospec accessor macros
+ are used to stop speculative memory access.
+
+ For Spectre variant 2 attacks, rogue guests can :ref:`poison
+ <poison_btb>` the branch target buffer or return stack buffer, causing
+ the kernel to jump to gadget code in the speculative execution paths.
+
+ To mitigate variant 2, the host kernel can use return trampolines
+ for indirect branches to bypass the poisoned branch target buffer,
+ and flushing the return stack buffer on VM exit. This prevents rogue
+ guests from affecting indirect branching in the host kernel.
+
+ To protect host processes from rogue guests, host processes can have
+ indirect branch speculation disabled via prctl(). The branch target
+ buffer is cleared before context switching to such processes.
+
+4. A virtualized guest attacking other guest
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+ A rogue guest may attack another guest to get data accessible by the
+ other guest.
+
+ Spectre variant 1 attacks are possible if parameters can be passed
+ between guests. This may be done via mechanisms such as shared memory
+ or message passing. Such parameters could be used to derive data
+ pointers to privileged data in guest. The privileged data could be
+ accessed by gadget code in the victim's speculation paths.
+
+ Spectre variant 2 attacks can be launched from a rogue guest by
+ :ref:`poisoning <poison_btb>` the branch target buffer or the return
+ stack buffer. Such poisoned entries could be used to influence
+ speculation execution paths in the victim guest.
+
+ Linux kernel mitigates attacks to other guests running in the same
+ CPU hardware thread by flushing the return stack buffer on VM exit,
+ and clearing the branch target buffer before switching to a new guest.
+
+ If SMT is used, Spectre variant 2 attacks from an untrusted guest
+ in the sibling hyperthread can be mitigated by the administrator,
+ by turning off the unsafe guest's indirect branch speculation via
+ prctl(). A guest can also protect itself by turning on microcode
+ based mitigations (such as IBPB or STIBP on x86) within the guest.
+
+.. _spectre_sys_info:
+
+Spectre system information
+--------------------------
+
+The Linux kernel provides a sysfs interface to enumerate the current
+mitigation status of the system for Spectre: whether the system is
+vulnerable, and which mitigations are active.
+
+The sysfs file showing Spectre variant 1 mitigation status is:
+
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/spectre_v1
+
+The possible values in this file are:
+
+ ======================================= =================================
+ 'Mitigation: __user pointer sanitation' Protection in kernel on a case by
+ case base with explicit pointer
+ sanitation.
+ ======================================= =================================
+
+However, the protections are put in place on a case by case basis,
+and there is no guarantee that all possible attack vectors for Spectre
+variant 1 are covered.
+
+The spectre_v2 kernel file reports if the kernel has been compiled with
+retpoline mitigation or if the CPU has hardware mitigation, and if the
+CPU has support for additional process-specific mitigation.
+
+This file also reports CPU features enabled by microcode to mitigate
+attack between user processes:
+
+1. Indirect Branch Prediction Barrier (IBPB) to add additional
+ isolation between processes of different users.
+2. Single Thread Indirect Branch Predictors (STIBP) to add additional
+ isolation between CPU threads running on the same core.
+
+These CPU features may impact performance when used and can be enabled
+per process on a case-by-case base.
+
+The sysfs file showing Spectre variant 2 mitigation status is:
+
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/spectre_v2
+
+The possible values in this file are:
+
+ - Kernel status:
+
+ ==================================== =================================
+ 'Not affected' The processor is not vulnerable
+ 'Vulnerable' Vulnerable, no mitigation
+ 'Mitigation: Full generic retpoline' Software-focused mitigation
+ 'Mitigation: Full AMD retpoline' AMD-specific software mitigation
+ 'Mitigation: Enhanced IBRS' Hardware-focused mitigation
+ ==================================== =================================
+
+ - Firmware status: Show if Indirect Branch Restricted Speculation (IBRS) is
+ used to protect against Spectre variant 2 attacks when calling firmware (x86 only).
+
+ ========== =============================================================
+ 'IBRS_FW' Protection against user program attacks when calling firmware
+ ========== =============================================================
+
+ - Indirect branch prediction barrier (IBPB) status for protection between
+ processes of different users. This feature can be controlled through
+ prctl() per process, or through kernel command line options. This is
+ an x86 only feature. For more details see below.
+
+ =================== ========================================================
+ 'IBPB: disabled' IBPB unused
+ 'IBPB: always-on' Use IBPB on all tasks
+ 'IBPB: conditional' Use IBPB on SECCOMP or indirect branch restricted tasks
+ =================== ========================================================
+
+ - Single threaded indirect branch prediction (STIBP) status for protection
+ between different hyper threads. This feature can be controlled through
+ prctl per process, or through kernel command line options. This is x86
+ only feature. For more details see below.
+
+ ==================== ========================================================
+ 'STIBP: disabled' STIBP unused
+ 'STIBP: forced' Use STIBP on all tasks
+ 'STIBP: conditional' Use STIBP on SECCOMP or indirect branch restricted tasks
+ ==================== ========================================================
+
+ - Return stack buffer (RSB) protection status:
+
+ ============= ===========================================
+ 'RSB filling' Protection of RSB on context switch enabled
+ ============= ===========================================
+
+Full mitigation might require a microcode update from the CPU
+vendor. When the necessary microcode is not available, the kernel will
+report vulnerability.
+
+Turning on mitigation for Spectre variant 1 and Spectre variant 2
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+1. Kernel mitigation
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+ For the Spectre variant 1, vulnerable kernel code (as determined
+ by code audit or scanning tools) is annotated on a case by case
+ basis to use nospec accessor macros for bounds clipping :ref:`[2]
+ <spec_ref2>` to avoid any usable disclosure gadgets. However, it may
+ not cover all attack vectors for Spectre variant 1.
+
+ For Spectre variant 2 mitigation, the compiler turns indirect calls or
+ jumps in the kernel into equivalent return trampolines (retpolines)
+ :ref:`[3] <spec_ref3>` :ref:`[9] <spec_ref9>` to go to the target
+ addresses. Speculative execution paths under retpolines are trapped
+ in an infinite loop to prevent any speculative execution jumping to
+ a gadget.
+
+ To turn on retpoline mitigation on a vulnerable CPU, the kernel
+ needs to be compiled with a gcc compiler that supports the
+ -mindirect-branch=thunk-extern -mindirect-branch-register options.
+ If the kernel is compiled with a Clang compiler, the compiler needs
+ to support -mretpoline-external-thunk option. The kernel config
+ CONFIG_RETPOLINE needs to be turned on, and the CPU needs to run with
+ the latest updated microcode.
+
+ On Intel Skylake-era systems the mitigation covers most, but not all,
+ cases. See :ref:`[3] <spec_ref3>` for more details.
+
+ On CPUs with hardware mitigation for Spectre variant 2 (e.g. Enhanced
+ IBRS on x86), retpoline is automatically disabled at run time.
+
+ The retpoline mitigation is turned on by default on vulnerable
+ CPUs. It can be forced on or off by the administrator
+ via the kernel command line and sysfs control files. See
+ :ref:`spectre_mitigation_control_command_line`.
+
+ On x86, indirect branch restricted speculation is turned on by default
+ before invoking any firmware code to prevent Spectre variant 2 exploits
+ using the firmware.
+
+ Using kernel address space randomization (CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_SLAB=y
+ and CONFIG_SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM=y in the kernel configuration) makes
+ attacks on the kernel generally more difficult.
+
+2. User program mitigation
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+ User programs can mitigate Spectre variant 1 using LFENCE or "bounds
+ clipping". For more details see :ref:`[2] <spec_ref2>`.
+
+ For Spectre variant 2 mitigation, individual user programs
+ can be compiled with return trampolines for indirect branches.
+ This protects them from consuming poisoned entries in the branch
+ target buffer left by malicious software. Alternatively, the
+ programs can disable their indirect branch speculation via prctl()
+ (See Documentation/spec_ctrl.txt).
+ On x86, this will turn on STIBP to guard against attacks from the
+ sibling thread when the user program is running, and use IBPB to
+ flush the branch target buffer when switching to/from the program.
+
+ Restricting indirect branch speculation on a user program will
+ also prevent the program from launching a variant 2 attack
+ on x86. All sand-boxed SECCOMP programs have indirect branch
+ speculation restricted by default. Administrators can change
+ that behavior via the kernel command line and sysfs control files.
+ See :ref:`spectre_mitigation_control_command_line`.
+
+ Programs that disable their indirect branch speculation will have
+ more overhead and run slower.
+
+ User programs should use address space randomization
+ (/proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space = 1 or 2) to make attacks more
+ difficult.
+
+3. VM mitigation
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+ Within the kernel, Spectre variant 1 attacks from rogue guests are
+ mitigated on a case by case basis in VM exit paths. Vulnerable code
+ uses nospec accessor macros for "bounds clipping", to avoid any
+ usable disclosure gadgets. However, this may not cover all variant
+ 1 attack vectors.
+
+ For Spectre variant 2 attacks from rogue guests to the kernel, the
+ Linux kernel uses retpoline or Enhanced IBRS to prevent consumption of
+ poisoned entries in branch target buffer left by rogue guests. It also
+ flushes the return stack buffer on every VM exit to prevent a return
+ stack buffer underflow so poisoned branch target buffer could be used,
+ or attacker guests leaving poisoned entries in the return stack buffer.
+
+ To mitigate guest-to-guest attacks in the same CPU hardware thread,
+ the branch target buffer is sanitized by flushing before switching
+ to a new guest on a CPU.
+
+ The above mitigations are turned on by default on vulnerable CPUs.
+
+ To mitigate guest-to-guest attacks from sibling thread when SMT is
+ in use, an untrusted guest running in the sibling thread can have
+ its indirect branch speculation disabled by administrator via prctl().
+
+ The kernel also allows guests to use any microcode based mitigation
+ they choose to use (such as IBPB or STIBP on x86) to protect themselves.
+
+.. _spectre_mitigation_control_command_line:
+
+Mitigation control on the kernel command line
+---------------------------------------------
+
+Spectre variant 2 mitigation can be disabled or force enabled at the
+kernel command line.
+
+ nospectre_v2
+
+ [X86] Disable all mitigations for the Spectre variant 2
+ (indirect branch prediction) vulnerability. System may
+ allow data leaks with this option, which is equivalent
+ to spectre_v2=off.
+
+
+ spectre_v2=
+
+ [X86] Control mitigation of Spectre variant 2
+ (indirect branch speculation) vulnerability.
+ The default operation protects the kernel from
+ user space attacks.
+
+ on
+ unconditionally enable, implies
+ spectre_v2_user=on
+ off
+ unconditionally disable, implies
+ spectre_v2_user=off
+ auto
+ kernel detects whether your CPU model is
+ vulnerable
+
+ Selecting 'on' will, and 'auto' may, choose a
+ mitigation method at run time according to the
+ CPU, the available microcode, the setting of the
+ CONFIG_RETPOLINE configuration option, and the
+ compiler with which the kernel was built.
+
+ Selecting 'on' will also enable the mitigation
+ against user space to user space task attacks.
+
+ Selecting 'off' will disable both the kernel and
+ the user space protections.
+
+ Specific mitigations can also be selected manually:
+
+ retpoline
+ replace indirect branches
+ retpoline,generic
+ google's original retpoline
+ retpoline,amd
+ AMD-specific minimal thunk
+
+ Not specifying this option is equivalent to
+ spectre_v2=auto.
+
+For user space mitigation:
+
+ spectre_v2_user=
+
+ [X86] Control mitigation of Spectre variant 2
+ (indirect branch speculation) vulnerability between
+ user space tasks
+
+ on
+ Unconditionally enable mitigations. Is
+ enforced by spectre_v2=on
+
+ off
+ Unconditionally disable mitigations. Is
+ enforced by spectre_v2=off
+
+ prctl
+ Indirect branch speculation is enabled,
+ but mitigation can be enabled via prctl
+ per thread. The mitigation control state
+ is inherited on fork.
+
+ prctl,ibpb
+ Like "prctl" above, but only STIBP is
+ controlled per thread. IBPB is issued
+ always when switching between different user
+ space processes.
+
+ seccomp
+ Same as "prctl" above, but all seccomp
+ threads will enable the mitigation unless
+ they explicitly opt out.
+
+ seccomp,ibpb
+ Like "seccomp" above, but only STIBP is
+ controlled per thread. IBPB is issued
+ always when switching between different
+ user space processes.
+
+ auto
+ Kernel selects the mitigation depending on
+ the available CPU features and vulnerability.
+
+ Default mitigation:
+ If CONFIG_SECCOMP=y then "seccomp", otherwise "prctl"
+
+ Not specifying this option is equivalent to
+ spectre_v2_user=auto.
+
+ In general the kernel by default selects
+ reasonable mitigations for the current CPU. To
+ disable Spectre variant 2 mitigations, boot with
+ spectre_v2=off. Spectre variant 1 mitigations
+ cannot be disabled.
+
+Mitigation selection guide
+--------------------------
+
+1. Trusted userspace
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+ If all userspace applications are from trusted sources and do not
+ execute externally supplied untrusted code, then the mitigations can
+ be disabled.
+
+2. Protect sensitive programs
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+ For security-sensitive programs that have secrets (e.g. crypto
+ keys), protection against Spectre variant 2 can be put in place by
+ disabling indirect branch speculation when the program is running
+ (See Documentation/spec_ctrl.txt).
+
+3. Sandbox untrusted programs
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+ Untrusted programs that could be a source of attacks can be cordoned
+ off by disabling their indirect branch speculation when they are run
+ (See Documentation/spec_ctrl.txt).
+ This prevents untrusted programs from polluting the branch target
+ buffer. All programs running in SECCOMP sandboxes have indirect
+ branch speculation restricted by default. This behavior can be
+ changed via the kernel command line and sysfs control files. See
+ :ref:`spectre_mitigation_control_command_line`.
+
+3. High security mode
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+ All Spectre variant 2 mitigations can be forced on
+ at boot time for all programs (See the "on" option in
+ :ref:`spectre_mitigation_control_command_line`). This will add
+ overhead as indirect branch speculations for all programs will be
+ restricted.
+
+ On x86, branch target buffer will be flushed with IBPB when switching
+ to a new program. STIBP is left on all the time to protect programs
+ against variant 2 attacks originating from programs running on
+ sibling threads.
+
+ Alternatively, STIBP can be used only when running programs
+ whose indirect branch speculation is explicitly disabled,
+ while IBPB is still used all the time when switching to a new
+ program to clear the branch target buffer (See "ibpb" option in
+ :ref:`spectre_mitigation_control_command_line`). This "ibpb" option
+ has less performance cost than the "on" option, which leaves STIBP
+ on all the time.
+
+References on Spectre
+---------------------
+
+Intel white papers:
+
+.. _spec_ref1:
+
+[1] `Intel analysis of speculative execution side channels <https://newsroom.intel.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/Intel-Analysis-of-Speculative-Execution-Side-Channels.pdf>`_.
+
+.. _spec_ref2:
+
+[2] `Bounds check bypass <https://software.intel.com/security-software-guidance/software-guidance/bounds-check-bypass>`_.
+
+.. _spec_ref3:
+
+[3] `Deep dive: Retpoline: A branch target injection mitigation <https://software.intel.com/security-software-guidance/insights/deep-dive-retpoline-branch-target-injection-mitigation>`_.
+
+.. _spec_ref4:
+
+[4] `Deep Dive: Single Thread Indirect Branch Predictors <https://software.intel.com/security-software-guidance/insights/deep-dive-single-thread-indirect-branch-predictors>`_.
+
+AMD white papers:
+
+.. _spec_ref5:
+
+[5] `AMD64 technology indirect branch control extension <https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/Architecture_Guidelines_Update_Indirect_Branch_Control.pdf>`_.
+
+.. _spec_ref6:
+
+[6] `Software techniques for managing speculation on AMD processors <https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/90343-B_SoftwareTechniquesforManagingSpeculation_WP_7-18Update_FNL.pdf>`_.
+
+ARM white papers:
+
+.. _spec_ref7:
+
+[7] `Cache speculation side-channels <https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/speculative-processor-vulnerability/download-the-whitepaper>`_.
+
+.. _spec_ref8:
+
+[8] `Cache speculation issues update <https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/speculative-processor-vulnerability/latest-updates/cache-speculation-issues-update>`_.
+
+Google white paper:
+
+.. _spec_ref9:
+
+[9] `Retpoline: a software construct for preventing branch-target-injection <https://support.google.com/faqs/answer/7625886>`_.
+
+MIPS white paper:
+
+.. _spec_ref10:
+
+[10] `MIPS: response on speculative execution and side channel vulnerabilities <https://www.mips.com/blog/mips-response-on-speculative-execution-and-side-channel-vulnerabilities/>`_.
+
+Academic papers:
+
+.. _spec_ref11:
+
+[11] `Spectre Attacks: Exploiting Speculative Execution <https://spectreattack.com/spectre.pdf>`_.
+
+.. _spec_ref12:
+
+[12] `NetSpectre: Read Arbitrary Memory over Network <https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.10535>`_.
+
+.. _spec_ref13:
+
+[13] `Spectre Returns! Speculation Attacks using the Return Stack Buffer <https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/woot18/woot18-paper-koruyeh.pdf>`_.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 05/38] Documentation: Add swapgs description to the Spectre v1 documentation
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (3 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 04/38] Documentation: Add section about CPU vulnerabilities for Spectre Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 06/38] Documentation: refer to config RANDOMIZE_BASE for kernel address-space randomization Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (38 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Josh Poimboeuf, Thomas Gleixner,
Ben Hutchings
From: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
commit 4c92057661a3412f547ede95715641d7ee16ddac upstream.
Add documentation to the Spectre document about the new swapgs variant of
Spectre v1.
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
[bwh: Backported to 4.9: adjust filename]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst | 88 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
1 file changed, 80 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
--- a/Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
+++ b/Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
@@ -41,10 +41,11 @@ Related CVEs
The following CVE entries describe Spectre variants:
- ============= ======================= =================
+ ============= ======================= ==========================
CVE-2017-5753 Bounds check bypass Spectre variant 1
CVE-2017-5715 Branch target injection Spectre variant 2
- ============= ======================= =================
+ CVE-2019-1125 Spectre v1 swapgs Spectre variant 1 (swapgs)
+ ============= ======================= ==========================
Problem
-------
@@ -78,6 +79,13 @@ There are some extensions of Spectre var
over the network, see :ref:`[12] <spec_ref12>`. However such attacks
are difficult, low bandwidth, fragile, and are considered low risk.
+Note that, despite "Bounds Check Bypass" name, Spectre variant 1 is not
+only about user-controlled array bounds checks. It can affect any
+conditional checks. The kernel entry code interrupt, exception, and NMI
+handlers all have conditional swapgs checks. Those may be problematic
+in the context of Spectre v1, as kernel code can speculatively run with
+a user GS.
+
Spectre variant 2 (Branch Target Injection)
-------------------------------------------
@@ -132,6 +140,9 @@ not cover all possible attack vectors.
1. A user process attacking the kernel
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Spectre variant 1
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
The attacker passes a parameter to the kernel via a register or
via a known address in memory during a syscall. Such parameter may
be used later by the kernel as an index to an array or to derive
@@ -144,7 +155,40 @@ not cover all possible attack vectors.
potentially be influenced for Spectre attacks, new "nospec" accessor
macros are used to prevent speculative loading of data.
- Spectre variant 2 attacker can :ref:`poison <poison_btb>` the branch
+Spectre variant 1 (swapgs)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ An attacker can train the branch predictor to speculatively skip the
+ swapgs path for an interrupt or exception. If they initialize
+ the GS register to a user-space value, if the swapgs is speculatively
+ skipped, subsequent GS-related percpu accesses in the speculation
+ window will be done with the attacker-controlled GS value. This
+ could cause privileged memory to be accessed and leaked.
+
+ For example:
+
+ ::
+
+ if (coming from user space)
+ swapgs
+ mov %gs:<percpu_offset>, %reg
+ mov (%reg), %reg1
+
+ When coming from user space, the CPU can speculatively skip the
+ swapgs, and then do a speculative percpu load using the user GS
+ value. So the user can speculatively force a read of any kernel
+ value. If a gadget exists which uses the percpu value as an address
+ in another load/store, then the contents of the kernel value may
+ become visible via an L1 side channel attack.
+
+ A similar attack exists when coming from kernel space. The CPU can
+ speculatively do the swapgs, causing the user GS to get used for the
+ rest of the speculative window.
+
+Spectre variant 2
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ A spectre variant 2 attacker can :ref:`poison <poison_btb>` the branch
target buffer (BTB) before issuing syscall to launch an attack.
After entering the kernel, the kernel could use the poisoned branch
target buffer on indirect jump and jump to gadget code in speculative
@@ -280,11 +324,18 @@ The sysfs file showing Spectre variant 1
The possible values in this file are:
- ======================================= =================================
- 'Mitigation: __user pointer sanitation' Protection in kernel on a case by
- case base with explicit pointer
- sanitation.
- ======================================= =================================
+ .. list-table::
+
+ * - 'Not affected'
+ - The processor is not vulnerable.
+ * - 'Vulnerable: __user pointer sanitization and usercopy barriers only; no swapgs barriers'
+ - The swapgs protections are disabled; otherwise it has
+ protection in the kernel on a case by case base with explicit
+ pointer sanitation and usercopy LFENCE barriers.
+ * - 'Mitigation: usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization'
+ - Protection in the kernel on a case by case base with explicit
+ pointer sanitation, usercopy LFENCE barriers, and swapgs LFENCE
+ barriers.
However, the protections are put in place on a case by case basis,
and there is no guarantee that all possible attack vectors for Spectre
@@ -366,12 +417,27 @@ Turning on mitigation for Spectre varian
1. Kernel mitigation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Spectre variant 1
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
For the Spectre variant 1, vulnerable kernel code (as determined
by code audit or scanning tools) is annotated on a case by case
basis to use nospec accessor macros for bounds clipping :ref:`[2]
<spec_ref2>` to avoid any usable disclosure gadgets. However, it may
not cover all attack vectors for Spectre variant 1.
+ Copy-from-user code has an LFENCE barrier to prevent the access_ok()
+ check from being mis-speculated. The barrier is done by the
+ barrier_nospec() macro.
+
+ For the swapgs variant of Spectre variant 1, LFENCE barriers are
+ added to interrupt, exception and NMI entry where needed. These
+ barriers are done by the FENCE_SWAPGS_KERNEL_ENTRY and
+ FENCE_SWAPGS_USER_ENTRY macros.
+
+Spectre variant 2
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
For Spectre variant 2 mitigation, the compiler turns indirect calls or
jumps in the kernel into equivalent return trampolines (retpolines)
:ref:`[3] <spec_ref3>` :ref:`[9] <spec_ref9>` to go to the target
@@ -473,6 +539,12 @@ Mitigation control on the kernel command
Spectre variant 2 mitigation can be disabled or force enabled at the
kernel command line.
+ nospectre_v1
+
+ [X86,PPC] Disable mitigations for Spectre Variant 1
+ (bounds check bypass). With this option data leaks are
+ possible in the system.
+
nospectre_v2
[X86] Disable all mitigations for the Spectre variant 2
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 06/38] Documentation: refer to config RANDOMIZE_BASE for kernel address-space randomization
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (4 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 05/38] Documentation: Add swapgs description to the Spectre v1 documentation Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 07/38] x86/speculation: Merge one test in spectre_v2_user_select_mitigation() Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (37 subsequent siblings)
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From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Lukas Bulwahn, Jonathan Corbet,
Ben Hutchings
From: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
commit 82ca67321f55a8d1da6ac3ed611da3c32818bb37 upstream.
The config RANDOMIZE_SLAB does not exist, the authors probably intended to
refer to the config RANDOMIZE_BASE, which provides kernel address-space
randomization. They probably just confused SLAB with BASE (these two
four-letter words coincidentally share three common letters), as they also
point out the config SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM as further randomization within
the same sentence.
Fix the reference of the config for kernel address-space randomization to
the config that provides that.
Fixes: 6e88559470f5 ("Documentation: Add section about CPU vulnerabilities for Spectre")
Signed-off-by: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211230171940.27558-1-lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
[bwh: Backported to 4.9: adjust filename]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
--- a/Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
+++ b/Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ Spectre variant 2
before invoking any firmware code to prevent Spectre variant 2 exploits
using the firmware.
- Using kernel address space randomization (CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_SLAB=y
+ Using kernel address space randomization (CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE=y
and CONFIG_SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM=y in the kernel configuration) makes
attacks on the kernel generally more difficult.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 07/38] x86/speculation: Merge one test in spectre_v2_user_select_mitigation()
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (5 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 06/38] Documentation: refer to config RANDOMIZE_BASE for kernel address-space randomization Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 08/38] x86,bugs: Unconditionally allow spectre_v2=retpoline,amd Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (36 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Borislav Petkov, Anthony Steinhauser,
Frank van der Linden, Ben Hutchings
From: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
commit a5ce9f2bb665d1d2b31f139a02dbaa2dfbb62fa6 upstream.
Merge the test whether the CPU supports STIBP into the test which
determines whether STIBP is required. Thus try to simplify what is
already an insane logic.
Remove a superfluous newline in a comment, while at it.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Anthony Steinhauser <asteinhauser@google.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200615065806.GB14668@zn.tnic
[fllinden@amazon.com: fixed contextual conflict (comment) for 4.19]
Signed-off-by: Frank van der Linden <fllinden@amazon.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 13 ++++---------
1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -755,10 +755,12 @@ spectre_v2_user_select_mitigation(enum s
}
/*
- * If enhanced IBRS is enabled or SMT impossible, STIBP is not
+ * If no STIBP, enhanced IBRS is enabled or SMT impossible, STIBP is not
* required.
*/
- if (!smt_possible || spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_IBRS_ENHANCED)
+ if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_STIBP) ||
+ !smt_possible ||
+ spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_IBRS_ENHANCED)
return;
/*
@@ -770,12 +772,6 @@ spectre_v2_user_select_mitigation(enum s
boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_AMD_STIBP_ALWAYS_ON))
mode = SPECTRE_V2_USER_STRICT_PREFERRED;
- /*
- * If STIBP is not available, clear the STIBP mode.
- */
- if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_STIBP))
- mode = SPECTRE_V2_USER_NONE;
-
spectre_v2_user_stibp = mode;
set_mode:
@@ -1254,7 +1250,6 @@ static int ib_prctl_set(struct task_stru
if (spectre_v2_user_ibpb == SPECTRE_V2_USER_NONE &&
spectre_v2_user_stibp == SPECTRE_V2_USER_NONE)
return 0;
-
/*
* With strict mode for both IBPB and STIBP, the instruction
* code paths avoid checking this task flag and instead,
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 08/38] x86,bugs: Unconditionally allow spectre_v2=retpoline,amd
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (6 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 07/38] x86/speculation: Merge one test in spectre_v2_user_select_mitigation() Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 09/38] x86/speculation: Rename RETPOLINE_AMD to RETPOLINE_LFENCE Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (35 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Peter Zijlstra (Intel),
Borislav Petkov, Josh Poimboeuf, Alexei Starovoitov,
Frank van der Linden, Ben Hutchings
From: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
commit f8a66d608a3e471e1202778c2a36cbdc96bae73b upstream.
Currently Linux prevents usage of retpoline,amd on !AMD hardware, this
is unfriendly and gets in the way of testing. Remove this restriction.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211026120310.487348118@infradead.org
[fllinden@amazon.com: backported to 4.19 (no Hygon in 4.19)]
Signed-off-by: Frank van der Linden <fllinden@amazon.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 6 ------
1 file changed, 6 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -838,12 +838,6 @@ static enum spectre_v2_mitigation_cmd __
return SPECTRE_V2_CMD_AUTO;
}
- if (cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_AMD &&
- boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_AMD) {
- pr_err("retpoline,amd selected but CPU is not AMD. Switching to AUTO select\n");
- return SPECTRE_V2_CMD_AUTO;
- }
-
spec_v2_print_cond(mitigation_options[i].option,
mitigation_options[i].secure);
return cmd;
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 09/38] x86/speculation: Rename RETPOLINE_AMD to RETPOLINE_LFENCE
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (7 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 08/38] x86,bugs: Unconditionally allow spectre_v2=retpoline,amd Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 10/38] x86/speculation: Add eIBRS + Retpoline options Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (34 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Josh Poimboeuf,
Peter Zijlstra (Intel),
Borislav Petkov, Thomas Gleixner, Frank van der Linden,
Ben Hutchings
From: "Peter Zijlstra (Intel)" <peterz@infradead.org>
commit d45476d9832409371537013ebdd8dc1a7781f97a upstream.
The RETPOLINE_AMD name is unfortunate since it isn't necessarily
AMD only, in fact Hygon also uses it. Furthermore it will likely be
sufficient for some Intel processors. Therefore rename the thing to
RETPOLINE_LFENCE to better describe what it is.
Add the spectre_v2=retpoline,lfence option as an alias to
spectre_v2=retpoline,amd to preserve existing setups. However, the output
of /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/spectre_v2 will be changed.
[ bp: Fix typos, massage. ]
Co-developed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
[fllinden@amazon.com: backported to 4.19]
Signed-off-by: Frank van der Linden <fllinden@amazon.com>
[bwh: Backported to 4.9: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h | 2 +-
arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h | 12 ++++++------
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 29 ++++++++++++++++++-----------
tools/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h | 2 +-
4 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
#define X86_FEATURE_FENCE_SWAPGS_USER ( 7*32+10) /* "" LFENCE in user entry SWAPGS path */
#define X86_FEATURE_FENCE_SWAPGS_KERNEL ( 7*32+11) /* "" LFENCE in kernel entry SWAPGS path */
#define X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE ( 7*32+12) /* "" Generic Retpoline mitigation for Spectre variant 2 */
-#define X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD ( 7*32+13) /* "" AMD Retpoline mitigation for Spectre variant 2 */
+#define X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_LFENCE ( 7*32+13) /* "" Use LFENCE for Spectre variant 2 */
#define X86_FEATURE_MSR_SPEC_CTRL ( 7*32+16) /* "" MSR SPEC_CTRL is implemented */
#define X86_FEATURE_SSBD ( 7*32+17) /* Speculative Store Bypass Disable */
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE
ALTERNATIVE_2 __stringify(ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE; jmp *\reg), \
__stringify(RETPOLINE_JMP \reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE, \
- __stringify(lfence; ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE; jmp *\reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD
+ __stringify(lfence; ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE; jmp *\reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_LFENCE
#else
jmp *\reg
#endif
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE
ALTERNATIVE_2 __stringify(ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE; call *\reg), \
__stringify(RETPOLINE_CALL \reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE,\
- __stringify(lfence; ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE; call *\reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD
+ __stringify(lfence; ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE; call *\reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_LFENCE
#else
call *\reg
#endif
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
"lfence;\n" \
ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE \
"call *%[thunk_target]\n", \
- X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD)
+ X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_LFENCE)
# define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "r" (addr)
#else /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
"lfence;\n" \
ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE \
"call *%[thunk_target]\n", \
- X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD)
+ X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_LFENCE)
# define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "rm" (addr)
#endif
@@ -223,8 +223,8 @@
/* The Spectre V2 mitigation variants */
enum spectre_v2_mitigation {
SPECTRE_V2_NONE,
- SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_GENERIC,
- SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_AMD,
+ SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE,
+ SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE,
SPECTRE_V2_IBRS_ENHANCED,
};
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ enum spectre_v2_mitigation_cmd {
SPECTRE_V2_CMD_FORCE,
SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE,
SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_GENERIC,
- SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_AMD,
+ SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE,
};
enum spectre_v2_user_cmd {
@@ -780,8 +780,8 @@ set_mode:
static const char * const spectre_v2_strings[] = {
[SPECTRE_V2_NONE] = "Vulnerable",
- [SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_GENERIC] = "Mitigation: Full generic retpoline",
- [SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_AMD] = "Mitigation: Full AMD retpoline",
+ [SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE] = "Mitigation: Retpolines",
+ [SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE] = "Mitigation: LFENCE",
[SPECTRE_V2_IBRS_ENHANCED] = "Mitigation: Enhanced IBRS",
};
@@ -793,7 +793,8 @@ static const struct {
{ "off", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_NONE, false },
{ "on", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_FORCE, true },
{ "retpoline", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE, false },
- { "retpoline,amd", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_AMD, false },
+ { "retpoline,amd", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE, false },
+ { "retpoline,lfence", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE, false },
{ "retpoline,generic", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_GENERIC, false },
{ "auto", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_AUTO, false },
};
@@ -831,13 +832,19 @@ static enum spectre_v2_mitigation_cmd __
}
if ((cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE ||
- cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_AMD ||
+ cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE ||
cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_GENERIC) &&
!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RETPOLINE)) {
pr_err("%s selected but not compiled in. Switching to AUTO select\n", mitigation_options[i].option);
return SPECTRE_V2_CMD_AUTO;
}
+ if ((cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE) &&
+ !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_LFENCE_RDTSC)) {
+ pr_err("%s selected, but CPU doesn't have a serializing LFENCE. Switching to AUTO select\n", mitigation_options[i].option);
+ return SPECTRE_V2_CMD_AUTO;
+ }
+
spec_v2_print_cond(mitigation_options[i].option,
mitigation_options[i].secure);
return cmd;
@@ -872,9 +879,9 @@ static void __init spectre_v2_select_mit
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RETPOLINE))
goto retpoline_auto;
break;
- case SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_AMD:
+ case SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE:
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RETPOLINE))
- goto retpoline_amd;
+ goto retpoline_lfence;
break;
case SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_GENERIC:
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RETPOLINE))
@@ -890,17 +897,17 @@ static void __init spectre_v2_select_mit
retpoline_auto:
if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD) {
- retpoline_amd:
+ retpoline_lfence:
if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_LFENCE_RDTSC)) {
pr_err("Spectre mitigation: LFENCE not serializing, switching to generic retpoline\n");
goto retpoline_generic;
}
- mode = SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_AMD;
- setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD);
+ mode = SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE;
+ setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_LFENCE);
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE);
} else {
retpoline_generic:
- mode = SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_GENERIC;
+ mode = SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE;
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE);
}
--- a/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
+++ b/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
#define X86_FEATURE_PROC_FEEDBACK ( 7*32+ 9) /* AMD ProcFeedbackInterface */
#define X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE ( 7*32+12) /* "" Generic Retpoline mitigation for Spectre variant 2 */
-#define X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD ( 7*32+13) /* "" AMD Retpoline mitigation for Spectre variant 2 */
+#define X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_LFENCE ( 7*32+13) /* "" Use LFENCEs for Spectre variant 2 */
#define X86_FEATURE_MSR_SPEC_CTRL ( 7*32+16) /* "" MSR SPEC_CTRL is implemented */
#define X86_FEATURE_SSBD ( 7*32+17) /* Speculative Store Bypass Disable */
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 10/38] x86/speculation: Add eIBRS + Retpoline options
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (8 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 09/38] x86/speculation: Rename RETPOLINE_AMD to RETPOLINE_LFENCE Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 11/38] Documentation/hw-vuln: Update spectre doc Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (33 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Josh Poimboeuf,
Peter Zijlstra (Intel),
Borislav Petkov, Patrick Colp, Thomas Gleixner,
Frank van der Linden, Ben Hutchings
From: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
commit 1e19da8522c81bf46b335f84137165741e0d82b7 upstream.
Thanks to the chaps at VUsec it is now clear that eIBRS is not
sufficient, therefore allow enabling of retpolines along with eIBRS.
Add spectre_v2=eibrs, spectre_v2=eibrs,lfence and
spectre_v2=eibrs,retpoline options to explicitly pick your preferred
means of mitigation.
Since there's new mitigations there's also user visible changes in
/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/spectre_v2 to reflect these
new mitigations.
[ bp: Massage commit message, trim error messages,
do more precise eIBRS mode checking. ]
Co-developed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Patrick Colp <patrick.colp@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
[fllinden@amazon.com: backported to 4.19 (no Hygon)]
Signed-off-by: Frank van der Linden <fllinden@amazon.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h | 4 -
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 131 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
2 files changed, 98 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
@@ -225,7 +225,9 @@ enum spectre_v2_mitigation {
SPECTRE_V2_NONE,
SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE,
SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE,
- SPECTRE_V2_IBRS_ENHANCED,
+ SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS,
+ SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_RETPOLINE,
+ SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE,
};
/* The indirect branch speculation control variants */
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -621,6 +621,9 @@ enum spectre_v2_mitigation_cmd {
SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE,
SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_GENERIC,
SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE,
+ SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS,
+ SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS_RETPOLINE,
+ SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS_LFENCE,
};
enum spectre_v2_user_cmd {
@@ -693,6 +696,13 @@ spectre_v2_parse_user_cmdline(enum spect
return SPECTRE_V2_USER_CMD_AUTO;
}
+static inline bool spectre_v2_in_eibrs_mode(enum spectre_v2_mitigation mode)
+{
+ return (mode == SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS ||
+ mode == SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_RETPOLINE ||
+ mode == SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE);
+}
+
static void __init
spectre_v2_user_select_mitigation(enum spectre_v2_mitigation_cmd v2_cmd)
{
@@ -760,7 +770,7 @@ spectre_v2_user_select_mitigation(enum s
*/
if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_STIBP) ||
!smt_possible ||
- spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_IBRS_ENHANCED)
+ spectre_v2_in_eibrs_mode(spectre_v2_enabled))
return;
/*
@@ -782,7 +792,9 @@ static const char * const spectre_v2_str
[SPECTRE_V2_NONE] = "Vulnerable",
[SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE] = "Mitigation: Retpolines",
[SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE] = "Mitigation: LFENCE",
- [SPECTRE_V2_IBRS_ENHANCED] = "Mitigation: Enhanced IBRS",
+ [SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS] = "Mitigation: Enhanced IBRS",
+ [SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE] = "Mitigation: Enhanced IBRS + LFENCE",
+ [SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_RETPOLINE] = "Mitigation: Enhanced IBRS + Retpolines",
};
static const struct {
@@ -796,6 +808,9 @@ static const struct {
{ "retpoline,amd", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE, false },
{ "retpoline,lfence", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE, false },
{ "retpoline,generic", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_GENERIC, false },
+ { "eibrs", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS, false },
+ { "eibrs,lfence", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS_LFENCE, false },
+ { "eibrs,retpoline", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS_RETPOLINE, false },
{ "auto", SPECTRE_V2_CMD_AUTO, false },
};
@@ -833,15 +848,29 @@ static enum spectre_v2_mitigation_cmd __
if ((cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE ||
cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE ||
- cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_GENERIC) &&
+ cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_GENERIC ||
+ cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS_LFENCE ||
+ cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS_RETPOLINE) &&
!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RETPOLINE)) {
- pr_err("%s selected but not compiled in. Switching to AUTO select\n", mitigation_options[i].option);
+ pr_err("%s selected but not compiled in. Switching to AUTO select\n",
+ mitigation_options[i].option);
+ return SPECTRE_V2_CMD_AUTO;
+ }
+
+ if ((cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS ||
+ cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS_LFENCE ||
+ cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS_RETPOLINE) &&
+ !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_IBRS_ENHANCED)) {
+ pr_err("%s selected but CPU doesn't have eIBRS. Switching to AUTO select\n",
+ mitigation_options[i].option);
return SPECTRE_V2_CMD_AUTO;
}
- if ((cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE) &&
+ if ((cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE ||
+ cmd == SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS_LFENCE) &&
!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_LFENCE_RDTSC)) {
- pr_err("%s selected, but CPU doesn't have a serializing LFENCE. Switching to AUTO select\n", mitigation_options[i].option);
+ pr_err("%s selected, but CPU doesn't have a serializing LFENCE. Switching to AUTO select\n",
+ mitigation_options[i].option);
return SPECTRE_V2_CMD_AUTO;
}
@@ -850,6 +879,24 @@ static enum spectre_v2_mitigation_cmd __
return cmd;
}
+static enum spectre_v2_mitigation __init spectre_v2_select_retpoline(void)
+{
+ if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RETPOLINE)) {
+ pr_err("Kernel not compiled with retpoline; no mitigation available!");
+ return SPECTRE_V2_NONE;
+ }
+
+ if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD) {
+ if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_LFENCE_RDTSC)) {
+ pr_err("LFENCE not serializing, switching to generic retpoline\n");
+ return SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE;
+ }
+ return SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE;
+ }
+
+ return SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE;
+}
+
static void __init spectre_v2_select_mitigation(void)
{
enum spectre_v2_mitigation_cmd cmd = spectre_v2_parse_cmdline();
@@ -870,48 +917,60 @@ static void __init spectre_v2_select_mit
case SPECTRE_V2_CMD_FORCE:
case SPECTRE_V2_CMD_AUTO:
if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_IBRS_ENHANCED)) {
- mode = SPECTRE_V2_IBRS_ENHANCED;
- /* Force it so VMEXIT will restore correctly */
- x86_spec_ctrl_base |= SPEC_CTRL_IBRS;
- wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_SPEC_CTRL, x86_spec_ctrl_base);
- goto specv2_set_mode;
+ mode = SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS;
+ break;
}
- if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RETPOLINE))
- goto retpoline_auto;
+
+ mode = spectre_v2_select_retpoline();
break;
+
case SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE:
- if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RETPOLINE))
- goto retpoline_lfence;
+ mode = SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE;
break;
+
case SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_GENERIC:
- if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RETPOLINE))
- goto retpoline_generic;
+ mode = SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE;
break;
+
case SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE:
- if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RETPOLINE))
- goto retpoline_auto;
+ mode = spectre_v2_select_retpoline();
+ break;
+
+ case SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS:
+ mode = SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS;
+ break;
+
+ case SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS_LFENCE:
+ mode = SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE;
+ break;
+
+ case SPECTRE_V2_CMD_EIBRS_RETPOLINE:
+ mode = SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_RETPOLINE;
break;
}
- pr_err("Spectre mitigation: kernel not compiled with retpoline; no mitigation available!");
- return;
-retpoline_auto:
- if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD) {
- retpoline_lfence:
- if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_LFENCE_RDTSC)) {
- pr_err("Spectre mitigation: LFENCE not serializing, switching to generic retpoline\n");
- goto retpoline_generic;
- }
- mode = SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE;
+ if (spectre_v2_in_eibrs_mode(mode)) {
+ /* Force it so VMEXIT will restore correctly */
+ x86_spec_ctrl_base |= SPEC_CTRL_IBRS;
+ wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_SPEC_CTRL, x86_spec_ctrl_base);
+ }
+
+ switch (mode) {
+ case SPECTRE_V2_NONE:
+ case SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS:
+ break;
+
+ case SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE:
+ case SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE:
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_LFENCE);
+ /* fallthrough */
+
+ case SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE:
+ case SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_RETPOLINE:
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE);
- } else {
- retpoline_generic:
- mode = SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE;
- setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE);
+ break;
}
-specv2_set_mode:
spectre_v2_enabled = mode;
pr_info("%s\n", spectre_v2_strings[mode]);
@@ -937,7 +996,7 @@ specv2_set_mode:
* the CPU supports Enhanced IBRS, kernel might un-intentionally not
* enable IBRS around firmware calls.
*/
- if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_IBRS) && mode != SPECTRE_V2_IBRS_ENHANCED) {
+ if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_IBRS) && !spectre_v2_in_eibrs_mode(mode)) {
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_USE_IBRS_FW);
pr_info("Enabling Restricted Speculation for firmware calls\n");
}
@@ -1597,7 +1656,7 @@ static ssize_t tsx_async_abort_show_stat
static char *stibp_state(void)
{
- if (spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_IBRS_ENHANCED)
+ if (spectre_v2_in_eibrs_mode(spectre_v2_enabled))
return "";
switch (spectre_v2_user_stibp) {
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 11/38] Documentation/hw-vuln: Update spectre doc
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (9 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 10/38] x86/speculation: Add eIBRS + Retpoline options Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 12/38] x86/speculation: Include unprivileged eBPF status in Spectre v2 mitigation reporting Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (32 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Peter Zijlstra (Intel),
Borislav Petkov, Thomas Gleixner, Frank van der Linden,
Ben Hutchings
From: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
commit 5ad3eb1132453b9795ce5fd4572b1c18b292cca9 upstream.
Update the doc with the new fun.
[ bp: Massage commit message. ]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
[fllinden@amazon.com: backported to 4.19]
Signed-off-by: Frank van der Linden <fllinden@amazon.com>
[bwh: Backported to 4.9: adjust filenames]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt | 8 +++++-
2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
--- a/Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
+++ b/Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
@@ -131,6 +131,19 @@ steer its indirect branch speculations t
speculative execution's side effects left in level 1 cache to infer the
victim's data.
+Yet another variant 2 attack vector is for the attacker to poison the
+Branch History Buffer (BHB) to speculatively steer an indirect branch
+to a specific Branch Target Buffer (BTB) entry, even if the entry isn't
+associated with the source address of the indirect branch. Specifically,
+the BHB might be shared across privilege levels even in the presence of
+Enhanced IBRS.
+
+Currently the only known real-world BHB attack vector is via
+unprivileged eBPF. Therefore, it's highly recommended to not enable
+unprivileged eBPF, especially when eIBRS is used (without retpolines).
+For a full mitigation against BHB attacks, it's recommended to use
+retpolines (or eIBRS combined with retpolines).
+
Attack scenarios
----------------
@@ -364,13 +377,15 @@ The possible values in this file are:
- Kernel status:
- ==================================== =================================
- 'Not affected' The processor is not vulnerable
- 'Vulnerable' Vulnerable, no mitigation
- 'Mitigation: Full generic retpoline' Software-focused mitigation
- 'Mitigation: Full AMD retpoline' AMD-specific software mitigation
- 'Mitigation: Enhanced IBRS' Hardware-focused mitigation
- ==================================== =================================
+ ======================================== =================================
+ 'Not affected' The processor is not vulnerable
+ 'Mitigation: None' Vulnerable, no mitigation
+ 'Mitigation: Retpolines' Use Retpoline thunks
+ 'Mitigation: LFENCE' Use LFENCE instructions
+ 'Mitigation: Enhanced IBRS' Hardware-focused mitigation
+ 'Mitigation: Enhanced IBRS + Retpolines' Hardware-focused + Retpolines
+ 'Mitigation: Enhanced IBRS + LFENCE' Hardware-focused + LFENCE
+ ======================================== =================================
- Firmware status: Show if Indirect Branch Restricted Speculation (IBRS) is
used to protect against Spectre variant 2 attacks when calling firmware (x86 only).
@@ -584,12 +599,13 @@ kernel command line.
Specific mitigations can also be selected manually:
- retpoline
- replace indirect branches
- retpoline,generic
- google's original retpoline
- retpoline,amd
- AMD-specific minimal thunk
+ retpoline auto pick between generic,lfence
+ retpoline,generic Retpolines
+ retpoline,lfence LFENCE; indirect branch
+ retpoline,amd alias for retpoline,lfence
+ eibrs enhanced IBRS
+ eibrs,retpoline enhanced IBRS + Retpolines
+ eibrs,lfence enhanced IBRS + LFENCE
Not specifying this option is equivalent to
spectre_v2=auto.
--- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -4174,8 +4174,12 @@ bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes
Specific mitigations can also be selected manually:
retpoline - replace indirect branches
- retpoline,generic - google's original retpoline
- retpoline,amd - AMD-specific minimal thunk
+ retpoline,generic - Retpolines
+ retpoline,lfence - LFENCE; indirect branch
+ retpoline,amd - alias for retpoline,lfence
+ eibrs - enhanced IBRS
+ eibrs,retpoline - enhanced IBRS + Retpolines
+ eibrs,lfence - enhanced IBRS + LFENCE
Not specifying this option is equivalent to
spectre_v2=auto.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 12/38] x86/speculation: Include unprivileged eBPF status in Spectre v2 mitigation reporting
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (10 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 11/38] Documentation/hw-vuln: Update spectre doc Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 13/38] x86/speculation: Use generic retpoline by default on AMD Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (31 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Josh Poimboeuf, Borislav Petkov,
Thomas Gleixner, Frank van der Linden, Ben Hutchings
From: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
commit 44a3918c8245ab10c6c9719dd12e7a8d291980d8 upstream.
With unprivileged eBPF enabled, eIBRS (without retpoline) is vulnerable
to Spectre v2 BHB-based attacks.
When both are enabled, print a warning message and report it in the
'spectre_v2' sysfs vulnerabilities file.
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
[fllinden@amazon.com: backported to 4.19]
Signed-off-by: Frank van der Linden <fllinden@amazon.com>
[bwh: Backported to 4.9: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
include/linux/bpf.h | 11 +++++++++++
kernel/sysctl.c | 8 ++++++++
3 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/intel-family.h>
#include <asm/e820.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
#include "cpu.h"
@@ -606,6 +607,16 @@ static inline const char *spectre_v2_mod
static inline const char *spectre_v2_module_string(void) { return ""; }
#endif
+#define SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_EBPF_MSG "WARNING: Unprivileged eBPF is enabled with eIBRS on, data leaks possible via Spectre v2 BHB attacks!\n"
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
+void unpriv_ebpf_notify(int new_state)
+{
+ if (spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS && !new_state)
+ pr_err(SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_EBPF_MSG);
+}
+#endif
+
static inline bool match_option(const char *arg, int arglen, const char *opt)
{
int len = strlen(opt);
@@ -949,6 +960,9 @@ static void __init spectre_v2_select_mit
break;
}
+ if (mode == SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS && unprivileged_ebpf_enabled())
+ pr_err(SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_EBPF_MSG);
+
if (spectre_v2_in_eibrs_mode(mode)) {
/* Force it so VMEXIT will restore correctly */
x86_spec_ctrl_base |= SPEC_CTRL_IBRS;
@@ -1686,6 +1700,20 @@ static char *ibpb_state(void)
return "";
}
+static ssize_t spectre_v2_show_state(char *buf)
+{
+ if (spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS && unprivileged_ebpf_enabled())
+ return sprintf(buf, "Vulnerable: Unprivileged eBPF enabled\n");
+
+ return sprintf(buf, "%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
+ spectre_v2_strings[spectre_v2_enabled],
+ ibpb_state(),
+ boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_USE_IBRS_FW) ? ", IBRS_FW" : "",
+ stibp_state(),
+ boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_RSB_CTXSW) ? ", RSB filling" : "",
+ spectre_v2_module_string());
+}
+
static ssize_t srbds_show_state(char *buf)
{
return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", srbds_strings[srbds_mitigation]);
@@ -1708,12 +1736,7 @@ static ssize_t cpu_show_common(struct de
return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", spectre_v1_strings[spectre_v1_mitigation]);
case X86_BUG_SPECTRE_V2:
- return sprintf(buf, "%s%s%s%s%s%s\n", spectre_v2_strings[spectre_v2_enabled],
- ibpb_state(),
- boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_USE_IBRS_FW) ? ", IBRS_FW" : "",
- stibp_state(),
- boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_RSB_CTXSW) ? ", RSB filling" : "",
- spectre_v2_module_string());
+ return spectre_v2_show_state(buf);
case X86_BUG_SPEC_STORE_BYPASS:
return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", ssb_strings[ssb_mode]);
--- a/include/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf.h
@@ -295,6 +295,11 @@ static inline void bpf_long_memcpy(void
/* verify correctness of eBPF program */
int bpf_check(struct bpf_prog **fp, union bpf_attr *attr);
+
+static inline bool unprivileged_ebpf_enabled(void)
+{
+ return !sysctl_unprivileged_bpf_disabled;
+}
#else
static inline void bpf_register_prog_type(struct bpf_prog_type_list *tl)
{
@@ -322,6 +327,12 @@ static inline struct bpf_prog *bpf_prog_
{
return ERR_PTR(-EOPNOTSUPP);
}
+
+static inline bool unprivileged_ebpf_enabled(void)
+{
+ return false;
+}
+
#endif /* CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL */
/* verifier prototypes for helper functions called from eBPF programs */
--- a/kernel/sysctl.c
+++ b/kernel/sysctl.c
@@ -222,6 +222,11 @@ static int sysrq_sysctl_handler(struct c
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
+
+void __weak unpriv_ebpf_notify(int new_state)
+{
+}
+
static int bpf_unpriv_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
{
@@ -239,6 +244,9 @@ static int bpf_unpriv_handler(struct ctl
return -EPERM;
*(int *)table->data = unpriv_enable;
}
+
+ unpriv_ebpf_notify(unpriv_enable);
+
return ret;
}
#endif
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 13/38] x86/speculation: Use generic retpoline by default on AMD
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (11 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 12/38] x86/speculation: Include unprivileged eBPF status in Spectre v2 mitigation reporting Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 14/38] x86/speculation: Update link to AMD speculation whitepaper Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (30 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Kim Phillips, Borislav Petkov, Ben Hutchings
From: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@amd.com>
commit 244d00b5dd4755f8df892c86cab35fb2cfd4f14b upstream.
AMD retpoline may be susceptible to speculation. The speculation
execution window for an incorrect indirect branch prediction using
LFENCE/JMP sequence may potentially be large enough to allow
exploitation using Spectre V2.
By default, don't use retpoline,lfence on AMD. Instead, use the
generic retpoline.
Signed-off-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 8 --------
1 file changed, 8 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -897,14 +897,6 @@ static enum spectre_v2_mitigation __init
return SPECTRE_V2_NONE;
}
- if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD) {
- if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_LFENCE_RDTSC)) {
- pr_err("LFENCE not serializing, switching to generic retpoline\n");
- return SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE;
- }
- return SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE;
- }
-
return SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE;
}
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 14/38] x86/speculation: Update link to AMD speculation whitepaper
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (12 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 13/38] x86/speculation: Use generic retpoline by default on AMD Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 15/38] x86/speculation: Warn about Spectre v2 LFENCE mitigation Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (29 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Kim Phillips, Borislav Petkov, Ben Hutchings
From: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@amd.com>
commit e9b6013a7ce31535b04b02ba99babefe8a8599fa upstream.
Update the link to the "Software Techniques for Managing Speculation
on AMD Processors" whitepaper.
Signed-off-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
[bwh: Backported to 4.9: adjust filename]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst | 6 +++---
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
--- a/Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
+++ b/Documentation/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ privileged data touched during the specu
Spectre variant 1 attacks take advantage of speculative execution of
conditional branches, while Spectre variant 2 attacks use speculative
execution of indirect branches to leak privileged memory.
-See :ref:`[1] <spec_ref1>` :ref:`[5] <spec_ref5>` :ref:`[7] <spec_ref7>`
-:ref:`[10] <spec_ref10>` :ref:`[11] <spec_ref11>`.
+See :ref:`[1] <spec_ref1>` :ref:`[5] <spec_ref5>` :ref:`[6] <spec_ref6>`
+:ref:`[7] <spec_ref7>` :ref:`[10] <spec_ref10>` :ref:`[11] <spec_ref11>`.
Spectre variant 1 (Bounds Check Bypass)
---------------------------------------
@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ AMD white papers:
.. _spec_ref6:
-[6] `Software techniques for managing speculation on AMD processors <https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/90343-B_SoftwareTechniquesforManagingSpeculation_WP_7-18Update_FNL.pdf>`_.
+[6] `Software techniques for managing speculation on AMD processors <https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/Managing-Speculation-on-AMD-Processors.pdf>`_.
ARM white papers:
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 15/38] x86/speculation: Warn about Spectre v2 LFENCE mitigation
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (13 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 14/38] x86/speculation: Update link to AMD speculation whitepaper Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 16/38] x86/speculation: Warn about eIBRS + LFENCE + Unprivileged eBPF + SMT Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (28 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Josh Poimboeuf, Borislav Petkov,
Ben Hutchings
From: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
commit eafd987d4a82c7bb5aa12f0e3b4f8f3dea93e678 upstream.
With:
f8a66d608a3e ("x86,bugs: Unconditionally allow spectre_v2=retpoline,amd")
it became possible to enable the LFENCE "retpoline" on Intel. However,
Intel doesn't recommend it, as it has some weaknesses compared to
retpoline.
Now AMD doesn't recommend it either.
It can still be left available as a cmdline option. It's faster than
retpoline but is weaker in certain scenarios -- particularly SMT, but
even non-SMT may be vulnerable in some cases.
So just unconditionally warn if the user requests it on the cmdline.
[ bp: Massage commit message. ]
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 5 +++++
1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -607,6 +607,7 @@ static inline const char *spectre_v2_mod
static inline const char *spectre_v2_module_string(void) { return ""; }
#endif
+#define SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE_MSG "WARNING: LFENCE mitigation is not recommended for this CPU, data leaks possible!\n"
#define SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_EBPF_MSG "WARNING: Unprivileged eBPF is enabled with eIBRS on, data leaks possible via Spectre v2 BHB attacks!\n"
#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
@@ -928,6 +929,7 @@ static void __init spectre_v2_select_mit
break;
case SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE:
+ pr_err(SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE_MSG);
mode = SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE;
break;
@@ -1694,6 +1696,9 @@ static char *ibpb_state(void)
static ssize_t spectre_v2_show_state(char *buf)
{
+ if (spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE)
+ return sprintf(buf, "Vulnerable: LFENCE\n");
+
if (spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS && unprivileged_ebpf_enabled())
return sprintf(buf, "Vulnerable: Unprivileged eBPF enabled\n");
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 16/38] x86/speculation: Warn about eIBRS + LFENCE + Unprivileged eBPF + SMT
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (14 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 15/38] x86/speculation: Warn about Spectre v2 LFENCE mitigation Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 17/38] arm/arm64: Provide a wrapper for SMCCC 1.1 calls Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (27 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Alyssa Milburn, Josh Poimboeuf,
Borislav Petkov, Ben Hutchings
From: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
commit 0de05d056afdb00eca8c7bbb0c79a3438daf700c upstream.
The commit
44a3918c8245 ("x86/speculation: Include unprivileged eBPF status in Spectre v2 mitigation reporting")
added a warning for the "eIBRS + unprivileged eBPF" combination, which
has been shown to be vulnerable against Spectre v2 BHB-based attacks.
However, there's no warning about the "eIBRS + LFENCE retpoline +
unprivileged eBPF" combo. The LFENCE adds more protection by shortening
the speculation window after a mispredicted branch. That makes an attack
significantly more difficult, even with unprivileged eBPF. So at least
for now the logic doesn't warn about that combination.
But if you then add SMT into the mix, the SMT attack angle weakens the
effectiveness of the LFENCE considerably.
So extend the "eIBRS + unprivileged eBPF" warning to also include the
"eIBRS + LFENCE + unprivileged eBPF + SMT" case.
[ bp: Massage commit message. ]
Suggested-by: Alyssa Milburn <alyssa.milburn@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--
1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -609,12 +609,27 @@ static inline const char *spectre_v2_mod
#define SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE_MSG "WARNING: LFENCE mitigation is not recommended for this CPU, data leaks possible!\n"
#define SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_EBPF_MSG "WARNING: Unprivileged eBPF is enabled with eIBRS on, data leaks possible via Spectre v2 BHB attacks!\n"
+#define SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE_EBPF_SMT_MSG "WARNING: Unprivileged eBPF is enabled with eIBRS+LFENCE mitigation and SMT, data leaks possible via Spectre v2 BHB attacks!\n"
#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
void unpriv_ebpf_notify(int new_state)
{
- if (spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS && !new_state)
+ if (new_state)
+ return;
+
+ /* Unprivileged eBPF is enabled */
+
+ switch (spectre_v2_enabled) {
+ case SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS:
pr_err(SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_EBPF_MSG);
+ break;
+ case SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE:
+ if (sched_smt_active())
+ pr_err(SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE_EBPF_SMT_MSG);
+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
}
#endif
@@ -1074,6 +1089,10 @@ void arch_smt_update(void)
{
mutex_lock(&spec_ctrl_mutex);
+ if (sched_smt_active() && unprivileged_ebpf_enabled() &&
+ spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE)
+ pr_warn_once(SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE_EBPF_SMT_MSG);
+
switch (spectre_v2_user_stibp) {
case SPECTRE_V2_USER_NONE:
break;
@@ -1700,7 +1719,11 @@ static ssize_t spectre_v2_show_state(cha
return sprintf(buf, "Vulnerable: LFENCE\n");
if (spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS && unprivileged_ebpf_enabled())
- return sprintf(buf, "Vulnerable: Unprivileged eBPF enabled\n");
+ return sprintf(buf, "Vulnerable: eIBRS with unprivileged eBPF\n");
+
+ if (sched_smt_active() && unprivileged_ebpf_enabled() &&
+ spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE)
+ return sprintf(buf, "Vulnerable: eIBRS+LFENCE with unprivileged eBPF and SMT\n");
return sprintf(buf, "%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
spectre_v2_strings[spectre_v2_enabled],
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 17/38] arm/arm64: Provide a wrapper for SMCCC 1.1 calls
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (15 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 16/38] x86/speculation: Warn about eIBRS + LFENCE + Unprivileged eBPF + SMT Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 18/38] arm/arm64: smccc/psci: add arm_smccc_1_1_get_conduit() Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (26 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Steven Price, Will Deacon, Marc Zyngier
From: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
commit 541625ac47ce9d0835efaee0fcbaa251b0000a37 upstream.
SMCCC 1.1 calls may use either HVC or SMC depending on the PSCI
conduit. Rather than coding this in every call site, provide a macro
which uses the correct instruction. The macro also handles the case
where no conduit is configured/available returning a not supported error
in res, along with returning the conduit used for the call.
This allow us to remove some duplicated code and will be useful later
when adding paravirtualized time hypervisor calls.
Signed-off-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
include/linux/arm-smccc.h | 58 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 58 insertions(+)
--- a/include/linux/arm-smccc.h
+++ b/include/linux/arm-smccc.h
@@ -311,5 +311,63 @@ asmlinkage void __arm_smccc_hvc(unsigned
#define SMCCC_RET_NOT_SUPPORTED -1
#define SMCCC_RET_NOT_REQUIRED -2
+/*
+ * Like arm_smccc_1_1* but always returns SMCCC_RET_NOT_SUPPORTED.
+ * Used when the SMCCC conduit is not defined. The empty asm statement
+ * avoids compiler warnings about unused variables.
+ */
+#define __fail_smccc_1_1(...) \
+ do { \
+ __declare_args(__count_args(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__); \
+ asm ("" __constraints(__count_args(__VA_ARGS__))); \
+ if (___res) \
+ ___res->a0 = SMCCC_RET_NOT_SUPPORTED; \
+ } while (0)
+
+/*
+ * arm_smccc_1_1_invoke() - make an SMCCC v1.1 compliant call
+ *
+ * This is a variadic macro taking one to eight source arguments, and
+ * an optional return structure.
+ *
+ * @a0-a7: arguments passed in registers 0 to 7
+ * @res: result values from registers 0 to 3
+ *
+ * This macro will make either an HVC call or an SMC call depending on the
+ * current SMCCC conduit. If no valid conduit is available then -1
+ * (SMCCC_RET_NOT_SUPPORTED) is returned in @res.a0 (if supplied).
+ *
+ * The return value also provides the conduit that was used.
+ */
+#define arm_smccc_1_1_invoke(...) ({ \
+ int method = arm_smccc_1_1_get_conduit(); \
+ switch (method) { \
+ case SMCCC_CONDUIT_HVC: \
+ arm_smccc_1_1_hvc(__VA_ARGS__); \
+ break; \
+ case SMCCC_CONDUIT_SMC: \
+ arm_smccc_1_1_smc(__VA_ARGS__); \
+ break; \
+ default: \
+ __fail_smccc_1_1(__VA_ARGS__); \
+ method = SMCCC_CONDUIT_NONE; \
+ break; \
+ } \
+ method; \
+ })
+
+/* Paravirtualised time calls (defined by ARM DEN0057A) */
+#define ARM_SMCCC_HV_PV_TIME_FEATURES \
+ ARM_SMCCC_CALL_VAL(ARM_SMCCC_FAST_CALL, \
+ ARM_SMCCC_SMC_64, \
+ ARM_SMCCC_OWNER_STANDARD_HYP, \
+ 0x20)
+
+#define ARM_SMCCC_HV_PV_TIME_ST \
+ ARM_SMCCC_CALL_VAL(ARM_SMCCC_FAST_CALL, \
+ ARM_SMCCC_SMC_64, \
+ ARM_SMCCC_OWNER_STANDARD_HYP, \
+ 0x21)
+
#endif /*__ASSEMBLY__*/
#endif /*__LINUX_ARM_SMCCC_H*/
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 18/38] arm/arm64: smccc/psci: add arm_smccc_1_1_get_conduit()
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (16 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 17/38] arm/arm64: Provide a wrapper for SMCCC 1.1 calls Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 19/38] ARM: report Spectre v2 status through sysfs Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (25 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Mark Rutland, Lorenzo Pieralisi,
Will Deacon, Catalin Marinas
From: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
commit 6b7fe77c334ae59fed9500140e08f4f896b36871 upstream.
SMCCC callers are currently amassing a collection of enums for the SMCCC
conduit, and are having to dig into the PSCI driver's internals in order
to figure out what to do.
Let's clean this up, with common SMCCC_CONDUIT_* definitions, and an
arm_smccc_1_1_get_conduit() helper that abstracts the PSCI driver's
internal state.
We can kill off the PSCI_CONDUIT_* definitions once we've migrated users
over to the new interface.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/firmware/psci.c | 15 +++++++++++++++
include/linux/arm-smccc.h | 16 ++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 31 insertions(+)
--- a/drivers/firmware/psci.c
+++ b/drivers/firmware/psci.c
@@ -64,6 +64,21 @@ struct psci_operations psci_ops = {
.smccc_version = SMCCC_VERSION_1_0,
};
+enum arm_smccc_conduit arm_smccc_1_1_get_conduit(void)
+{
+ if (psci_ops.smccc_version < SMCCC_VERSION_1_1)
+ return SMCCC_CONDUIT_NONE;
+
+ switch (psci_ops.conduit) {
+ case PSCI_CONDUIT_SMC:
+ return SMCCC_CONDUIT_SMC;
+ case PSCI_CONDUIT_HVC:
+ return SMCCC_CONDUIT_HVC;
+ default:
+ return SMCCC_CONDUIT_NONE;
+ }
+}
+
typedef unsigned long (psci_fn)(unsigned long, unsigned long,
unsigned long, unsigned long);
static psci_fn *invoke_psci_fn;
--- a/include/linux/arm-smccc.h
+++ b/include/linux/arm-smccc.h
@@ -89,6 +89,22 @@
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
+
+enum arm_smccc_conduit {
+ SMCCC_CONDUIT_NONE,
+ SMCCC_CONDUIT_SMC,
+ SMCCC_CONDUIT_HVC,
+};
+
+/**
+ * arm_smccc_1_1_get_conduit()
+ *
+ * Returns the conduit to be used for SMCCCv1.1 or later.
+ *
+ * When SMCCCv1.1 is not present, returns SMCCC_CONDUIT_NONE.
+ */
+enum arm_smccc_conduit arm_smccc_1_1_get_conduit(void);
+
/**
* struct arm_smccc_res - Result from SMC/HVC call
* @a0-a3 result values from registers 0 to 3
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 19/38] ARM: report Spectre v2 status through sysfs
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (17 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 18/38] arm/arm64: smccc/psci: add arm_smccc_1_1_get_conduit() Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 20/38] ARM: early traps initialisation Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (24 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Catalin Marinas, Russell King (Oracle)
From: "Russell King (Oracle)" <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
commit 9dd78194a3722fa6712192cdd4f7032d45112a9a upstream.
As per other architectures, add support for reporting the Spectre
vulnerability status via sysfs CPU.
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
[ preserve res variable and add SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_RET_UNAFFECTED - gregkh ]
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/arm/include/asm/spectre.h | 28 ++++++++
arch/arm/kernel/Makefile | 2
arch/arm/kernel/spectre.c | 54 +++++++++++++++++
arch/arm/mm/Kconfig | 1
arch/arm/mm/proc-v7-bugs.c | 130 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
5 files changed, 184 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 arch/arm/include/asm/spectre.h
create mode 100644 arch/arm/kernel/spectre.c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/spectre.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
+
+#ifndef __ASM_SPECTRE_H
+#define __ASM_SPECTRE_H
+
+enum {
+ SPECTRE_UNAFFECTED,
+ SPECTRE_MITIGATED,
+ SPECTRE_VULNERABLE,
+};
+
+enum {
+ __SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_BPIALL,
+ __SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_ICIALLU,
+ __SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_SMC,
+ __SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_HVC,
+};
+
+enum {
+ SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_BPIALL = BIT(__SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_BPIALL),
+ SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_ICIALLU = BIT(__SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_ICIALLU),
+ SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_SMC = BIT(__SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_SMC),
+ SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_HVC = BIT(__SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_HVC),
+};
+
+void spectre_v2_update_state(unsigned int state, unsigned int methods);
+
+#endif
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/Makefile
@@ -100,4 +100,6 @@ endif
obj-$(CONFIG_HAVE_ARM_SMCCC) += smccc-call.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_CPU_VULNERABILITIES) += spectre.o
+
extra-y := $(head-y) vmlinux.lds
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/spectre.c
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+#include <linux/cpu.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+
+#include <asm/spectre.h>
+
+ssize_t cpu_show_spectre_v1(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+ char *buf)
+{
+ return sprintf(buf, "Mitigation: __user pointer sanitization\n");
+}
+
+static unsigned int spectre_v2_state;
+static unsigned int spectre_v2_methods;
+
+void spectre_v2_update_state(unsigned int state, unsigned int method)
+{
+ if (state > spectre_v2_state)
+ spectre_v2_state = state;
+ spectre_v2_methods |= method;
+}
+
+ssize_t cpu_show_spectre_v2(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+ char *buf)
+{
+ const char *method;
+
+ if (spectre_v2_state == SPECTRE_UNAFFECTED)
+ return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", "Not affected");
+
+ if (spectre_v2_state != SPECTRE_MITIGATED)
+ return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", "Vulnerable");
+
+ switch (spectre_v2_methods) {
+ case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_BPIALL:
+ method = "Branch predictor hardening";
+ break;
+
+ case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_ICIALLU:
+ method = "I-cache invalidation";
+ break;
+
+ case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_SMC:
+ case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_HVC:
+ method = "Firmware call";
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ method = "Multiple mitigations";
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return sprintf(buf, "Mitigation: %s\n", method);
+}
--- a/arch/arm/mm/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/arm/mm/Kconfig
@@ -803,6 +803,7 @@ config CPU_BPREDICT_DISABLE
config CPU_SPECTRE
bool
+ select GENERIC_CPU_VULNERABILITIES
config HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
bool "Harden the branch predictor against aliasing attacks" if EXPERT
--- a/arch/arm/mm/proc-v7-bugs.c
+++ b/arch/arm/mm/proc-v7-bugs.c
@@ -7,8 +7,36 @@
#include <asm/cp15.h>
#include <asm/cputype.h>
#include <asm/proc-fns.h>
+#include <asm/spectre.h>
#include <asm/system_misc.h>
+#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_PSCI
+#define SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_RET_UNAFFECTED 1
+static int __maybe_unused spectre_v2_get_cpu_fw_mitigation_state(void)
+{
+ struct arm_smccc_res res;
+
+ arm_smccc_1_1_invoke(ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_FEATURES_FUNC_ID,
+ ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_1, &res);
+
+ switch ((int)res.a0) {
+ case SMCCC_RET_SUCCESS:
+ return SPECTRE_MITIGATED;
+
+ case SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_RET_UNAFFECTED:
+ return SPECTRE_UNAFFECTED;
+
+ default:
+ return SPECTRE_VULNERABLE;
+ }
+}
+#else
+static int __maybe_unused spectre_v2_get_cpu_fw_mitigation_state(void)
+{
+ return SPECTRE_VULNERABLE;
+}
+#endif
+
#ifdef CONFIG_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
DEFINE_PER_CPU(harden_branch_predictor_fn_t, harden_branch_predictor_fn);
@@ -37,13 +65,60 @@ static void __maybe_unused call_hvc_arch
arm_smccc_1_1_hvc(ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_1, NULL);
}
-static void cpu_v7_spectre_init(void)
+static unsigned int spectre_v2_install_workaround(unsigned int method)
{
const char *spectre_v2_method = NULL;
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
if (per_cpu(harden_branch_predictor_fn, cpu))
- return;
+ return SPECTRE_MITIGATED;
+
+ switch (method) {
+ case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_BPIALL:
+ per_cpu(harden_branch_predictor_fn, cpu) =
+ harden_branch_predictor_bpiall;
+ spectre_v2_method = "BPIALL";
+ break;
+
+ case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_ICIALLU:
+ per_cpu(harden_branch_predictor_fn, cpu) =
+ harden_branch_predictor_iciallu;
+ spectre_v2_method = "ICIALLU";
+ break;
+
+ case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_HVC:
+ per_cpu(harden_branch_predictor_fn, cpu) =
+ call_hvc_arch_workaround_1;
+ cpu_do_switch_mm = cpu_v7_hvc_switch_mm;
+ spectre_v2_method = "hypervisor";
+ break;
+
+ case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_SMC:
+ per_cpu(harden_branch_predictor_fn, cpu) =
+ call_smc_arch_workaround_1;
+ cpu_do_switch_mm = cpu_v7_smc_switch_mm;
+ spectre_v2_method = "firmware";
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (spectre_v2_method)
+ pr_info("CPU%u: Spectre v2: using %s workaround\n",
+ smp_processor_id(), spectre_v2_method);
+
+ return SPECTRE_MITIGATED;
+}
+#else
+static unsigned int spectre_v2_install_workaround(unsigned int method)
+{
+ pr_info("CPU%u: Spectre V2: workarounds disabled by configuration\n");
+
+ return SPECTRE_VULNERABLE;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void cpu_v7_spectre_v2_init(void)
+{
+ unsigned int state, method = 0;
switch (read_cpuid_part()) {
case ARM_CPU_PART_CORTEX_A8:
@@ -52,29 +127,32 @@ static void cpu_v7_spectre_init(void)
case ARM_CPU_PART_CORTEX_A17:
case ARM_CPU_PART_CORTEX_A73:
case ARM_CPU_PART_CORTEX_A75:
- per_cpu(harden_branch_predictor_fn, cpu) =
- harden_branch_predictor_bpiall;
- spectre_v2_method = "BPIALL";
+ state = SPECTRE_MITIGATED;
+ method = SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_BPIALL;
break;
case ARM_CPU_PART_CORTEX_A15:
case ARM_CPU_PART_BRAHMA_B15:
- per_cpu(harden_branch_predictor_fn, cpu) =
- harden_branch_predictor_iciallu;
- spectre_v2_method = "ICIALLU";
+ state = SPECTRE_MITIGATED;
+ method = SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_ICIALLU;
break;
-#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_PSCI
default:
/* Other ARM CPUs require no workaround */
- if (read_cpuid_implementor() == ARM_CPU_IMP_ARM)
+ if (read_cpuid_implementor() == ARM_CPU_IMP_ARM) {
+ state = SPECTRE_UNAFFECTED;
break;
+ }
/* fallthrough */
- /* Cortex A57/A72 require firmware workaround */
+ /* Cortex A57/A72 require firmware workaround */
case ARM_CPU_PART_CORTEX_A57:
case ARM_CPU_PART_CORTEX_A72: {
struct arm_smccc_res res;
+ state = spectre_v2_get_cpu_fw_mitigation_state();
+ if (state != SPECTRE_MITIGATED)
+ break;
+
if (psci_ops.smccc_version == SMCCC_VERSION_1_0)
break;
@@ -84,10 +162,7 @@ static void cpu_v7_spectre_init(void)
ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_1, &res);
if ((int)res.a0 != 0)
break;
- per_cpu(harden_branch_predictor_fn, cpu) =
- call_hvc_arch_workaround_1;
- cpu_do_switch_mm = cpu_v7_hvc_switch_mm;
- spectre_v2_method = "hypervisor";
+ method = SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_HVC;
break;
case PSCI_CONDUIT_SMC:
@@ -95,28 +170,21 @@ static void cpu_v7_spectre_init(void)
ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_1, &res);
if ((int)res.a0 != 0)
break;
- per_cpu(harden_branch_predictor_fn, cpu) =
- call_smc_arch_workaround_1;
- cpu_do_switch_mm = cpu_v7_smc_switch_mm;
- spectre_v2_method = "firmware";
+ method = SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_SMC;
break;
default:
+ state = SPECTRE_VULNERABLE;
break;
}
}
-#endif
}
- if (spectre_v2_method)
- pr_info("CPU%u: Spectre v2: using %s workaround\n",
- smp_processor_id(), spectre_v2_method);
-}
-#else
-static void cpu_v7_spectre_init(void)
-{
+ if (state == SPECTRE_MITIGATED)
+ state = spectre_v2_install_workaround(method);
+
+ spectre_v2_update_state(state, method);
}
-#endif
static __maybe_unused bool cpu_v7_check_auxcr_set(bool *warned,
u32 mask, const char *msg)
@@ -146,16 +214,16 @@ static bool check_spectre_auxcr(bool *wa
void cpu_v7_ca8_ibe(void)
{
if (check_spectre_auxcr(this_cpu_ptr(&spectre_warned), BIT(6)))
- cpu_v7_spectre_init();
+ cpu_v7_spectre_v2_init();
}
void cpu_v7_ca15_ibe(void)
{
if (check_spectre_auxcr(this_cpu_ptr(&spectre_warned), BIT(0)))
- cpu_v7_spectre_init();
+ cpu_v7_spectre_v2_init();
}
void cpu_v7_bugs_init(void)
{
- cpu_v7_spectre_init();
+ cpu_v7_spectre_v2_init();
}
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 20/38] ARM: early traps initialisation
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (18 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 19/38] ARM: report Spectre v2 status through sysfs Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 21/38] ARM: use LOADADDR() to get load address of sections Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (23 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Catalin Marinas, Russell King (Oracle)
From: "Russell King (Oracle)" <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
commit 04e91b7324760a377a725e218b5ee783826d30f5 upstream.
Provide a couple of helpers to copy the vectors and stubs, and also
to flush the copied vectors and stubs.
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/arm/kernel/traps.c | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++------
1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
@@ -819,10 +819,22 @@ static inline void __init kuser_init(voi
}
#endif
+#ifndef CONFIG_CPU_V7M
+static void copy_from_lma(void *vma, void *lma_start, void *lma_end)
+{
+ memcpy(vma, lma_start, lma_end - lma_start);
+}
+
+static void flush_vectors(void *vma, size_t offset, size_t size)
+{
+ unsigned long start = (unsigned long)vma + offset;
+ unsigned long end = start + size;
+
+ flush_icache_range(start, end);
+}
+
void __init early_trap_init(void *vectors_base)
{
-#ifndef CONFIG_CPU_V7M
- unsigned long vectors = (unsigned long)vectors_base;
extern char __stubs_start[], __stubs_end[];
extern char __vectors_start[], __vectors_end[];
unsigned i;
@@ -843,17 +855,20 @@ void __init early_trap_init(void *vector
* into the vector page, mapped at 0xffff0000, and ensure these
* are visible to the instruction stream.
*/
- memcpy((void *)vectors, __vectors_start, __vectors_end - __vectors_start);
- memcpy((void *)vectors + 0x1000, __stubs_start, __stubs_end - __stubs_start);
+ copy_from_lma(vectors_base, __vectors_start, __vectors_end);
+ copy_from_lma(vectors_base + 0x1000, __stubs_start, __stubs_end);
kuser_init(vectors_base);
- flush_icache_range(vectors, vectors + PAGE_SIZE * 2);
+ flush_vectors(vectors_base, 0, PAGE_SIZE * 2);
+}
#else /* ifndef CONFIG_CPU_V7M */
+void __init early_trap_init(void *vectors_base)
+{
/*
* on V7-M there is no need to copy the vector table to a dedicated
* memory area. The address is configurable and so a table in the kernel
* image can be used.
*/
-#endif
}
+#endif
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 21/38] ARM: use LOADADDR() to get load address of sections
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (19 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 20/38] ARM: early traps initialisation Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 22/38] ARM: Spectre-BHB workaround Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (22 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Catalin Marinas, Russell King (Oracle)
From: "Russell King (Oracle)" <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
commit 8d9d651ff2270a632e9dc497b142db31e8911315 upstream.
Use the linker's LOADADDR() macro to get the load address of the
sections, and provide a macro to set the start and end symbols.
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux-xip.lds.S | 19 ++++++++++++-------
arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S | 19 ++++++++++++-------
2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux-xip.lds.S
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux-xip.lds.S
@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
#include <asm/memory.h>
#include <asm/page.h>
+/* Set start/end symbol names to the LMA for the section */
+#define ARM_LMA(sym, section) \
+ sym##_start = LOADADDR(section); \
+ sym##_end = LOADADDR(section) + SIZEOF(section)
+
#define PROC_INFO \
. = ALIGN(4); \
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__proc_info_begin) = .; \
@@ -148,19 +153,19 @@ SECTIONS
* The vectors and stubs are relocatable code, and the
* only thing that matters is their relative offsets
*/
- __vectors_start = .;
+ __vectors_lma = .;
.vectors 0xffff0000 : AT(__vectors_start) {
*(.vectors)
}
- . = __vectors_start + SIZEOF(.vectors);
- __vectors_end = .;
+ ARM_LMA(__vectors, .vectors);
+ . = __vectors_lma + SIZEOF(.vectors);
- __stubs_start = .;
- .stubs ADDR(.vectors) + 0x1000 : AT(__stubs_start) {
+ __stubs_lma = .;
+ .stubs ADDR(.vectors) + 0x1000 : AT(__stubs_lma) {
*(.stubs)
}
- . = __stubs_start + SIZEOF(.stubs);
- __stubs_end = .;
+ ARM_LMA(__stubs, .stubs);
+ . = __stubs_lma + SIZEOF(.stubs);
PROVIDE(vector_fiq_offset = vector_fiq - ADDR(.vectors));
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@
#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
+/* Set start/end symbol names to the LMA for the section */
+#define ARM_LMA(sym, section) \
+ sym##_start = LOADADDR(section); \
+ sym##_end = LOADADDR(section) + SIZEOF(section)
+
#define PROC_INFO \
. = ALIGN(4); \
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__proc_info_begin) = .; \
@@ -169,19 +174,19 @@ SECTIONS
* The vectors and stubs are relocatable code, and the
* only thing that matters is their relative offsets
*/
- __vectors_start = .;
+ __vectors_lma = .;
.vectors 0xffff0000 : AT(__vectors_start) {
*(.vectors)
}
- . = __vectors_start + SIZEOF(.vectors);
- __vectors_end = .;
+ ARM_LMA(__vectors, .vectors);
+ . = __vectors_lma + SIZEOF(.vectors);
- __stubs_start = .;
- .stubs ADDR(.vectors) + 0x1000 : AT(__stubs_start) {
+ __stubs_lma = .;
+ .stubs ADDR(.vectors) + 0x1000 : AT(__stubs_lma) {
*(.stubs)
}
- . = __stubs_start + SIZEOF(.stubs);
- __stubs_end = .;
+ ARM_LMA(__stubs, .stubs);
+ . = __stubs_lma + SIZEOF(.stubs);
PROVIDE(vector_fiq_offset = vector_fiq - ADDR(.vectors));
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 22/38] ARM: Spectre-BHB workaround
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (20 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 21/38] ARM: use LOADADDR() to get load address of sections Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 23/38] ARM: include unprivileged BPF status in Spectre V2 reporting Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (21 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Catalin Marinas, Russell King (Oracle)
From: "Russell King (Oracle)" <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
commit b9baf5c8c5c356757f4f9d8180b5e9d234065bc3 upstream.
Workaround the Spectre BHB issues for Cortex-A15, Cortex-A57,
Cortex-A72, Cortex-A73 and Cortex-A75. We also include Brahma B15 as
well to be safe, which is affected by Spectre V2 in the same ways as
Cortex-A15.
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
[changes due to lack of SYSTEM_FREEING_INITMEM - gregkh]
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/arm/include/asm/assembler.h | 10 ++++
arch/arm/include/asm/spectre.h | 4 +
arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S | 79 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S | 24 +++++++++++
arch/arm/kernel/spectre.c | 4 +
arch/arm/kernel/traps.c | 38 ++++++++++++++++++
arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux-xip.lds.S | 18 +++++++-
arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S | 18 +++++++-
arch/arm/mm/Kconfig | 10 ++++
arch/arm/mm/proc-v7-bugs.c | 76 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
10 files changed, 269 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/arm/include/asm/assembler.h
+++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/assembler.h
@@ -108,6 +108,16 @@
.endm
#endif
+#if __LINUX_ARM_ARCH__ < 7
+ .macro dsb, args
+ mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4
+ .endm
+
+ .macro isb, args
+ mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, r5, 4
+ .endm
+#endif
+
.macro asm_trace_hardirqs_off, save=1
#if defined(CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS)
.if \save
--- a/arch/arm/include/asm/spectre.h
+++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/spectre.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ enum {
__SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_ICIALLU,
__SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_SMC,
__SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_HVC,
+ __SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_LOOP8,
};
enum {
@@ -21,8 +22,11 @@ enum {
SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_ICIALLU = BIT(__SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_ICIALLU),
SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_SMC = BIT(__SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_SMC),
SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_HVC = BIT(__SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_HVC),
+ SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_LOOP8 = BIT(__SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_LOOP8),
};
void spectre_v2_update_state(unsigned int state, unsigned int methods);
+int spectre_bhb_update_vectors(unsigned int method);
+
#endif
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
@@ -1036,12 +1036,11 @@ vector_\name:
sub lr, lr, #\correction
.endif
- @
- @ Save r0, lr_<exception> (parent PC) and spsr_<exception>
- @ (parent CPSR)
- @
+ @ Save r0, lr_<exception> (parent PC)
stmia sp, {r0, lr} @ save r0, lr
- mrs lr, spsr
+
+ @ Save spsr_<exception> (parent CPSR)
+2: mrs lr, spsr
str lr, [sp, #8] @ save spsr
@
@@ -1062,6 +1061,44 @@ vector_\name:
movs pc, lr @ branch to handler in SVC mode
ENDPROC(vector_\name)
+#ifdef CONFIG_HARDEN_BRANCH_HISTORY
+ .subsection 1
+ .align 5
+vector_bhb_loop8_\name:
+ .if \correction
+ sub lr, lr, #\correction
+ .endif
+
+ @ Save r0, lr_<exception> (parent PC)
+ stmia sp, {r0, lr}
+
+ @ bhb workaround
+ mov r0, #8
+1: b . + 4
+ subs r0, r0, #1
+ bne 1b
+ dsb
+ isb
+ b 2b
+ENDPROC(vector_bhb_loop8_\name)
+
+vector_bhb_bpiall_\name:
+ .if \correction
+ sub lr, lr, #\correction
+ .endif
+
+ @ Save r0, lr_<exception> (parent PC)
+ stmia sp, {r0, lr}
+
+ @ bhb workaround
+ mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c5, 6 @ BPIALL
+ @ isb not needed due to "movs pc, lr" in the vector stub
+ @ which gives a "context synchronisation".
+ b 2b
+ENDPROC(vector_bhb_bpiall_\name)
+ .previous
+#endif
+
.align 2
@ handler addresses follow this label
1:
@@ -1070,6 +1107,10 @@ ENDPROC(vector_\name)
.section .stubs, "ax", %progbits
@ This must be the first word
.word vector_swi
+#ifdef CONFIG_HARDEN_BRANCH_HISTORY
+ .word vector_bhb_loop8_swi
+ .word vector_bhb_bpiall_swi
+#endif
vector_rst:
ARM( swi SYS_ERROR0 )
@@ -1184,8 +1225,10 @@ vector_addrexcptn:
* FIQ "NMI" handler
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Handle a FIQ using the SVC stack allowing FIQ act like NMI on x86
- * systems.
+ * systems. This must be the last vector stub, so lets place it in its own
+ * subsection.
*/
+ .subsection 2
vector_stub fiq, FIQ_MODE, 4
.long __fiq_usr @ 0 (USR_26 / USR_32)
@@ -1218,6 +1261,30 @@ vector_addrexcptn:
W(b) vector_irq
W(b) vector_fiq
+#ifdef CONFIG_HARDEN_BRANCH_HISTORY
+ .section .vectors.bhb.loop8, "ax", %progbits
+.L__vectors_bhb_loop8_start:
+ W(b) vector_rst
+ W(b) vector_bhb_loop8_und
+ W(ldr) pc, .L__vectors_bhb_loop8_start + 0x1004
+ W(b) vector_bhb_loop8_pabt
+ W(b) vector_bhb_loop8_dabt
+ W(b) vector_addrexcptn
+ W(b) vector_bhb_loop8_irq
+ W(b) vector_bhb_loop8_fiq
+
+ .section .vectors.bhb.bpiall, "ax", %progbits
+.L__vectors_bhb_bpiall_start:
+ W(b) vector_rst
+ W(b) vector_bhb_bpiall_und
+ W(ldr) pc, .L__vectors_bhb_bpiall_start + 0x1008
+ W(b) vector_bhb_bpiall_pabt
+ W(b) vector_bhb_bpiall_dabt
+ W(b) vector_addrexcptn
+ W(b) vector_bhb_bpiall_irq
+ W(b) vector_bhb_bpiall_fiq
+#endif
+
.data
.globl cr_alignment
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S
@@ -143,12 +143,36 @@ ENDPROC(ret_from_fork)
*/
.align 5
+#ifdef CONFIG_HARDEN_BRANCH_HISTORY
+ENTRY(vector_bhb_loop8_swi)
+ sub sp, sp, #PT_REGS_SIZE
+ stmia sp, {r0 - r12}
+ mov r8, #8
+1: b 2f
+2: subs r8, r8, #1
+ bne 1b
+ dsb
+ isb
+ b 3f
+ENDPROC(vector_bhb_loop8_swi)
+
+ .align 5
+ENTRY(vector_bhb_bpiall_swi)
+ sub sp, sp, #PT_REGS_SIZE
+ stmia sp, {r0 - r12}
+ mcr p15, 0, r8, c7, c5, 6 @ BPIALL
+ isb
+ b 3f
+ENDPROC(vector_bhb_bpiall_swi)
+#endif
+ .align 5
ENTRY(vector_swi)
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_V7M
v7m_exception_entry
#else
sub sp, sp, #PT_REGS_SIZE
stmia sp, {r0 - r12} @ Calling r0 - r12
+3:
ARM( add r8, sp, #S_PC )
ARM( stmdb r8, {sp, lr}^ ) @ Calling sp, lr
THUMB( mov r8, sp )
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/spectre.c
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/spectre.c
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@ ssize_t cpu_show_spectre_v2(struct devic
method = "Firmware call";
break;
+ case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_LOOP8:
+ method = "History overwrite";
+ break;
+
default:
method = "Multiple mitigations";
break;
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/exception.h>
+#include <asm/spectre.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>
#include <asm/traps.h>
#include <asm/ptrace.h>
@@ -833,6 +834,43 @@ static void flush_vectors(void *vma, siz
flush_icache_range(start, end);
}
+#ifdef CONFIG_HARDEN_BRANCH_HISTORY
+int spectre_bhb_update_vectors(unsigned int method)
+{
+ extern char __vectors_bhb_bpiall_start[], __vectors_bhb_bpiall_end[];
+ extern char __vectors_bhb_loop8_start[], __vectors_bhb_loop8_end[];
+ void *vec_start, *vec_end;
+
+ if (system_state >= SYSTEM_RUNNING) {
+ pr_err("CPU%u: Spectre BHB workaround too late - system vulnerable\n",
+ smp_processor_id());
+ return SPECTRE_VULNERABLE;
+ }
+
+ switch (method) {
+ case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_LOOP8:
+ vec_start = __vectors_bhb_loop8_start;
+ vec_end = __vectors_bhb_loop8_end;
+ break;
+
+ case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_BPIALL:
+ vec_start = __vectors_bhb_bpiall_start;
+ vec_end = __vectors_bhb_bpiall_end;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ pr_err("CPU%u: unknown Spectre BHB state %d\n",
+ smp_processor_id(), method);
+ return SPECTRE_VULNERABLE;
+ }
+
+ copy_from_lma(vectors_page, vec_start, vec_end);
+ flush_vectors(vectors_page, 0, vec_end - vec_start);
+
+ return SPECTRE_MITIGATED;
+}
+#endif
+
void __init early_trap_init(void *vectors_base)
{
extern char __stubs_start[], __stubs_end[];
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux-xip.lds.S
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux-xip.lds.S
@@ -154,11 +154,23 @@ SECTIONS
* only thing that matters is their relative offsets
*/
__vectors_lma = .;
- .vectors 0xffff0000 : AT(__vectors_start) {
- *(.vectors)
+ OVERLAY 0xffff0000 : NOCROSSREFS AT(__vectors_lma) {
+ .vectors {
+ *(.vectors)
+ }
+ .vectors.bhb.loop8 {
+ *(.vectors.bhb.loop8)
+ }
+ .vectors.bhb.bpiall {
+ *(.vectors.bhb.bpiall)
+ }
}
ARM_LMA(__vectors, .vectors);
- . = __vectors_lma + SIZEOF(.vectors);
+ ARM_LMA(__vectors_bhb_loop8, .vectors.bhb.loop8);
+ ARM_LMA(__vectors_bhb_bpiall, .vectors.bhb.bpiall);
+ . = __vectors_lma + SIZEOF(.vectors) +
+ SIZEOF(.vectors.bhb.loop8) +
+ SIZEOF(.vectors.bhb.bpiall);
__stubs_lma = .;
.stubs ADDR(.vectors) + 0x1000 : AT(__stubs_lma) {
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -175,11 +175,23 @@ SECTIONS
* only thing that matters is their relative offsets
*/
__vectors_lma = .;
- .vectors 0xffff0000 : AT(__vectors_start) {
- *(.vectors)
+ OVERLAY 0xffff0000 : NOCROSSREFS AT(__vectors_lma) {
+ .vectors {
+ *(.vectors)
+ }
+ .vectors.bhb.loop8 {
+ *(.vectors.bhb.loop8)
+ }
+ .vectors.bhb.bpiall {
+ *(.vectors.bhb.bpiall)
+ }
}
ARM_LMA(__vectors, .vectors);
- . = __vectors_lma + SIZEOF(.vectors);
+ ARM_LMA(__vectors_bhb_loop8, .vectors.bhb.loop8);
+ ARM_LMA(__vectors_bhb_bpiall, .vectors.bhb.bpiall);
+ . = __vectors_lma + SIZEOF(.vectors) +
+ SIZEOF(.vectors.bhb.loop8) +
+ SIZEOF(.vectors.bhb.bpiall);
__stubs_lma = .;
.stubs ADDR(.vectors) + 0x1000 : AT(__stubs_lma) {
--- a/arch/arm/mm/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/arm/mm/Kconfig
@@ -824,6 +824,16 @@ config HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
If unsure, say Y.
+config HARDEN_BRANCH_HISTORY
+ bool "Harden Spectre style attacks against branch history" if EXPERT
+ depends on CPU_SPECTRE
+ default y
+ help
+ Speculation attacks against some high-performance processors can
+ make use of branch history to influence future speculation. When
+ taking an exception, a sequence of branches overwrites the branch
+ history, or branch history is invalidated.
+
config TLS_REG_EMUL
bool
select NEED_KUSER_HELPERS
--- a/arch/arm/mm/proc-v7-bugs.c
+++ b/arch/arm/mm/proc-v7-bugs.c
@@ -186,6 +186,81 @@ static void cpu_v7_spectre_v2_init(void)
spectre_v2_update_state(state, method);
}
+#ifdef CONFIG_HARDEN_BRANCH_HISTORY
+static int spectre_bhb_method;
+
+static const char *spectre_bhb_method_name(int method)
+{
+ switch (method) {
+ case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_LOOP8:
+ return "loop";
+
+ case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_BPIALL:
+ return "BPIALL";
+
+ default:
+ return "unknown";
+ }
+}
+
+static int spectre_bhb_install_workaround(int method)
+{
+ if (spectre_bhb_method != method) {
+ if (spectre_bhb_method) {
+ pr_err("CPU%u: Spectre BHB: method disagreement, system vulnerable\n",
+ smp_processor_id());
+
+ return SPECTRE_VULNERABLE;
+ }
+
+ if (spectre_bhb_update_vectors(method) == SPECTRE_VULNERABLE)
+ return SPECTRE_VULNERABLE;
+
+ spectre_bhb_method = method;
+ }
+
+ pr_info("CPU%u: Spectre BHB: using %s workaround\n",
+ smp_processor_id(), spectre_bhb_method_name(method));
+
+ return SPECTRE_MITIGATED;
+}
+#else
+static int spectre_bhb_install_workaround(int method)
+{
+ return SPECTRE_VULNERABLE;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void cpu_v7_spectre_bhb_init(void)
+{
+ unsigned int state, method = 0;
+
+ switch (read_cpuid_part()) {
+ case ARM_CPU_PART_CORTEX_A15:
+ case ARM_CPU_PART_BRAHMA_B15:
+ case ARM_CPU_PART_CORTEX_A57:
+ case ARM_CPU_PART_CORTEX_A72:
+ state = SPECTRE_MITIGATED;
+ method = SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_LOOP8;
+ break;
+
+ case ARM_CPU_PART_CORTEX_A73:
+ case ARM_CPU_PART_CORTEX_A75:
+ state = SPECTRE_MITIGATED;
+ method = SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_BPIALL;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ state = SPECTRE_UNAFFECTED;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (state == SPECTRE_MITIGATED)
+ state = spectre_bhb_install_workaround(method);
+
+ spectre_v2_update_state(state, method);
+}
+
static __maybe_unused bool cpu_v7_check_auxcr_set(bool *warned,
u32 mask, const char *msg)
{
@@ -226,4 +301,5 @@ void cpu_v7_ca15_ibe(void)
void cpu_v7_bugs_init(void)
{
cpu_v7_spectre_v2_init();
+ cpu_v7_spectre_bhb_init();
}
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 23/38] ARM: include unprivileged BPF status in Spectre V2 reporting
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (21 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 22/38] ARM: Spectre-BHB workaround Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 24/38] ARM: fix build error when BPF_SYSCALL is disabled Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (20 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel; +Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Russell King (Oracle)
From: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
commit 25875aa71dfefd1959f07e626c4d285b88b27ac2 upstream.
The mitigations for Spectre-BHB are only applied when an exception
is taken, but when unprivileged BPF is enabled, userspace can
load BPF programs that can be used to exploit the problem.
When unprivileged BPF is enabled, report the vulnerable status via
the spectre_v2 sysfs file.
Signed-off-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/arm/kernel/spectre.c | 13 +++++++++++++
1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/spectre.c
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/spectre.c
@@ -1,9 +1,19 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <asm/spectre.h>
+static bool _unprivileged_ebpf_enabled(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
+ return !sysctl_unprivileged_bpf_disabled;
+#else
+ return false
+#endif
+}
+
ssize_t cpu_show_spectre_v1(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
char *buf)
{
@@ -31,6 +41,9 @@ ssize_t cpu_show_spectre_v2(struct devic
if (spectre_v2_state != SPECTRE_MITIGATED)
return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", "Vulnerable");
+ if (_unprivileged_ebpf_enabled())
+ return sprintf(buf, "Vulnerable: Unprivileged eBPF enabled\n");
+
switch (spectre_v2_methods) {
case SPECTRE_V2_METHOD_BPIALL:
method = "Branch predictor hardening";
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 24/38] ARM: fix build error when BPF_SYSCALL is disabled
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (22 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 23/38] ARM: include unprivileged BPF status in Spectre V2 reporting Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 25/38] ARM: fix co-processor register typo Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (19 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Emmanuel Gil Peyrot,
Nathan Chancellor, Linus Torvalds
From: Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
commit 330f4c53d3c2d8b11d86ec03a964b86dc81452f5 upstream.
It was missing a semicolon.
Signed-off-by: Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Fixes: 25875aa71dfe ("ARM: include unprivileged BPF status in Spectre V2 reporting").
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/arm/kernel/spectre.c | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/spectre.c
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/spectre.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ static bool _unprivileged_ebpf_enabled(v
#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
return !sysctl_unprivileged_bpf_disabled;
#else
- return false
+ return false;
#endif
}
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 25/38] ARM: fix co-processor register typo
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (23 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 24/38] ARM: fix build error when BPF_SYSCALL is disabled Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 26/38] ARM: Do not use NOCROSSREFS directive with ld.lld Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (18 subsequent siblings)
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From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, kernel test robot,
Russell King (Oracle),
Catalin Marinas, Linus Torvalds
From: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
commit 33970b031dc4653cc9dc80f2886976706c4c8ef1 upstream.
In the recent Spectre BHB patches, there was a typo that is only
exposed in certain configurations: mcr p15,0,XX,c7,r5,4 should have
been mcr p15,0,XX,c7,c5,4
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Fixes: b9baf5c8c5c3 ("ARM: Spectre-BHB workaround")
Signed-off-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/arm/include/asm/assembler.h | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
--- a/arch/arm/include/asm/assembler.h
+++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/assembler.h
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
.endm
.macro isb, args
- mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, r5, 4
+ mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c5, 4
.endm
#endif
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 26/38] ARM: Do not use NOCROSSREFS directive with ld.lld
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (24 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 25/38] ARM: fix co-processor register typo Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 27/38] x86/build: Fix compiler support check for CONFIG_RETPOLINE Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (17 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Nathan Chancellor, Linus Torvalds
From: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
commit 36168e387fa7d0f1fe0cd5cf76c8cea7aee714fa upstream.
ld.lld does not support the NOCROSSREFS directive at the moment, which
breaks the build after commit b9baf5c8c5c3 ("ARM: Spectre-BHB
workaround"):
ld.lld: error: ./arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds:34: AT expected, but got NOCROSSREFS
Support for this directive will eventually be implemented, at which
point a version check can be added. To avoid breaking the build in the
meantime, just define NOCROSSREFS to nothing when using ld.lld, with a
link to the issue for tracking.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: b9baf5c8c5c3 ("ARM: Spectre-BHB workaround")
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1609
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux-xip.lds.S | 8 ++++++++
arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S | 8 ++++++++
2 files changed, 16 insertions(+)
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux-xip.lds.S
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux-xip.lds.S
@@ -12,6 +12,14 @@
#include <asm/memory.h>
#include <asm/page.h>
+/*
+ * ld.lld does not support NOCROSSREFS:
+ * https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1609
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_LD_IS_LLD
+#define NOCROSSREFS
+#endif
+
/* Set start/end symbol names to the LMA for the section */
#define ARM_LMA(sym, section) \
sym##_start = LOADADDR(section); \
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -14,6 +14,14 @@
#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
+/*
+ * ld.lld does not support NOCROSSREFS:
+ * https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1609
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_LD_IS_LLD
+#define NOCROSSREFS
+#endif
+
/* Set start/end symbol names to the LMA for the section */
#define ARM_LMA(sym, section) \
sym##_start = LOADADDR(section); \
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 27/38] x86/build: Fix compiler support check for CONFIG_RETPOLINE
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (25 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 26/38] ARM: Do not use NOCROSSREFS directive with ld.lld Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 28/38] x86, modpost: Replace last remnants of RETPOLINE with CONFIG_RETPOLINE Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (16 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Meelis Roos, Masahiro Yamada,
Zhenzhong Duan, Borislav Petkov, Linus Torvalds, Peter Zijlstra,
Thomas Gleixner, Ingo Molnar, Ben Hutchings
From: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
commit 25896d073d8a0403b07e6dec56f58e6c33678207 upstream.
It is troublesome to add a diagnostic like this to the Makefile
parse stage because the top-level Makefile could be parsed with
a stale include/config/auto.conf.
Once you are hit by the error about non-retpoline compiler, the
compilation still breaks even after disabling CONFIG_RETPOLINE.
The easiest fix is to move this check to the "archprepare" like
this commit did:
829fe4aa9ac1 ("x86: Allow generating user-space headers without a compiler")
Reported-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Tested-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Zhenzhong Duan <zhenzhong.duan@oracle.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Zhenzhong Duan <zhenzhong.duan@oracle.com>
Fixes: 4cd24de3a098 ("x86/retpoline: Make CONFIG_RETPOLINE depend on compiler support")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1543991239-18476-1-git-send-email-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com
Link: https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/12/4/206
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
[bwh: Backported to 4.9: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/Makefile | 10 +++++++---
1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/x86/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/Makefile
@@ -221,9 +221,6 @@ ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE
RETPOLINE_CFLAGS_CLANG := -mretpoline-external-thunk
RETPOLINE_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,$(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS_GCC),$(call cc-option,$(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS_CLANG)))
- ifeq ($(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS),)
- $(error You are building kernel with non-retpoline compiler, please update your compiler.)
- endif
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS)
endif
@@ -240,6 +237,13 @@ archprepare:
ifeq ($(CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE),y)
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=arch/x86/purgatory arch/x86/purgatory/kexec-purgatory.c
endif
+ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE
+ifeq ($(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS),)
+ @echo "You are building kernel with non-retpoline compiler." >&2
+ @echo "Please update your compiler." >&2
+ @false
+endif
+endif
###
# Kernel objects
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 28/38] x86, modpost: Replace last remnants of RETPOLINE with CONFIG_RETPOLINE
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (26 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 27/38] x86/build: Fix compiler support check for CONFIG_RETPOLINE Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 29/38] ARM: fix build warning in proc-v7-bugs.c Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (15 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, WANG Chao, Borislav Petkov,
Zhenzhong Duan, Masahiro Yamada, H. Peter Anvin, Andi Kleen,
Andrew Morton, Andy Lutomirski, Arnd Bergmann, Daniel Borkmann,
David Woodhouse, Geert Uytterhoeven, Jessica Yu, Jiri Kosina,
Kees Cook, Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk, Luc Van Oostenryck,
Michal Marek, Miguel Ojeda, Peter Zijlstra, Tim Chen,
Vasily Gorbik, linux-kbuild, srinivas.eeda, x86-ml,
Ben Hutchings
From: WANG Chao <chao.wang@ucloud.cn>
commit e4f358916d528d479c3c12bd2fd03f2d5a576380 upstream.
Commit
4cd24de3a098 ("x86/retpoline: Make CONFIG_RETPOLINE depend on compiler support")
replaced the RETPOLINE define with CONFIG_RETPOLINE checks. Remove the
remaining pieces.
[ bp: Massage commit message. ]
Fixes: 4cd24de3a098 ("x86/retpoline: Make CONFIG_RETPOLINE depend on compiler support")
Signed-off-by: WANG Chao <chao.wang@ucloud.cn>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Zhenzhong Duan <zhenzhong.duan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Luc Van Oostenryck <luc.vanoostenryck@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net>
Cc: Miguel Ojeda <miguel.ojeda.sandonis@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org
Cc: srinivas.eeda@oracle.com
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: x86-ml <x86@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181210163725.95977-1-chao.wang@ucloud.cn
[bwh: Backported to 4.9: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 2 +-
include/linux/compiler-gcc.h | 2 +-
include/linux/module.h | 2 +-
scripts/mod/modpost.c | 2 +-
4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ static enum spectre_v2_user_mitigation s
static enum spectre_v2_user_mitigation spectre_v2_user_ibpb __ro_after_init =
SPECTRE_V2_USER_NONE;
-#ifdef RETPOLINE
+#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE
static bool spectre_v2_bad_module;
bool retpoline_module_ok(bool has_retpoline)
--- a/include/linux/compiler-gcc.h
+++ b/include/linux/compiler-gcc.h
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
#define __weak __attribute__((weak))
#define __alias(symbol) __attribute__((alias(#symbol)))
-#ifdef RETPOLINE
+#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE
#define __noretpoline __attribute__((indirect_branch("keep")))
#endif
--- a/include/linux/module.h
+++ b/include/linux/module.h
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ static inline void module_bug_finalize(c
static inline void module_bug_cleanup(struct module *mod) {}
#endif /* CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG */
-#ifdef RETPOLINE
+#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE
extern bool retpoline_module_ok(bool has_retpoline);
#else
static inline bool retpoline_module_ok(bool has_retpoline)
--- a/scripts/mod/modpost.c
+++ b/scripts/mod/modpost.c
@@ -2147,7 +2147,7 @@ static void add_intree_flag(struct buffe
/* Cannot check for assembler */
static void add_retpoline(struct buffer *b)
{
- buf_printf(b, "\n#ifdef RETPOLINE\n");
+ buf_printf(b, "\n#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE\n");
buf_printf(b, "MODULE_INFO(retpoline, \"Y\");\n");
buf_printf(b, "#endif\n");
}
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 29/38] ARM: fix build warning in proc-v7-bugs.c
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (27 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 28/38] x86, modpost: Replace last remnants of RETPOLINE with CONFIG_RETPOLINE Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 30/38] xen/xenbus: dont let xenbus_grant_ring() remove grants in error case Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (14 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, kernel test robot,
Russell King (Oracle),
Linus Torvalds
From: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
commit b1a384d2cbccb1eb3f84765020d25e2c1929706e upstream.
The kernel test robot discovered that building without
HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR issues a warning due to a missing
argument to pr_info().
Add the missing argument.
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Fixes: 9dd78194a372 ("ARM: report Spectre v2 status through sysfs")
Signed-off-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
arch/arm/mm/proc-v7-bugs.c | 3 ++-
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
--- a/arch/arm/mm/proc-v7-bugs.c
+++ b/arch/arm/mm/proc-v7-bugs.c
@@ -110,7 +110,8 @@ static unsigned int spectre_v2_install_w
#else
static unsigned int spectre_v2_install_workaround(unsigned int method)
{
- pr_info("CPU%u: Spectre V2: workarounds disabled by configuration\n");
+ pr_info("CPU%u: Spectre V2: workarounds disabled by configuration\n",
+ smp_processor_id());
return SPECTRE_VULNERABLE;
}
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 30/38] xen/xenbus: dont let xenbus_grant_ring() remove grants in error case
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (28 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 29/38] ARM: fix build warning in proc-v7-bugs.c Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 31/38] xen/grant-table: add gnttab_try_end_foreign_access() Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (13 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Demi Marie Obenour, Juergen Gross,
Jan Beulich
From: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Commit 3777ea7bac3113005b7180e6b9dadf16d19a5827 upstream.
Letting xenbus_grant_ring() tear down grants in the error case is
problematic, as the other side could already have used these grants.
Calling gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref() without checking success is
resulting in an unclear situation for any caller of xenbus_grant_ring()
as in the error case the memory pages of the ring page might be
partially mapped. Freeing them would risk unwanted foreign access to
them, while not freeing them would leak memory.
In order to remove the need to undo any gnttab_grant_foreign_access()
calls, use gnttab_alloc_grant_references() to make sure no further
error can occur in the loop granting access to the ring pages.
It should be noted that this way of handling removes leaking of
grant entries in the error case, too.
This is CVE-2022-23040 / part of XSA-396.
Reported-by: Demi Marie Obenour <demi@invisiblethingslab.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/xen/xenbus/xenbus_client.c | 24 +++++++++++-------------
1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
--- a/drivers/xen/xenbus/xenbus_client.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/xenbus/xenbus_client.c
@@ -387,7 +387,14 @@ int xenbus_grant_ring(struct xenbus_devi
unsigned int nr_pages, grant_ref_t *grefs)
{
int err;
- int i, j;
+ unsigned int i;
+ grant_ref_t gref_head;
+
+ err = gnttab_alloc_grant_references(nr_pages, &gref_head);
+ if (err) {
+ xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "granting access to ring page");
+ return err;
+ }
for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
unsigned long gfn;
@@ -397,23 +404,14 @@ int xenbus_grant_ring(struct xenbus_devi
else
gfn = virt_to_gfn(vaddr);
- err = gnttab_grant_foreign_access(dev->otherend_id, gfn, 0);
- if (err < 0) {
- xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err,
- "granting access to ring page");
- goto fail;
- }
- grefs[i] = err;
+ grefs[i] = gnttab_claim_grant_reference(&gref_head);
+ gnttab_grant_foreign_access_ref(grefs[i], dev->otherend_id,
+ gfn, 0);
vaddr = vaddr + XEN_PAGE_SIZE;
}
return 0;
-
-fail:
- for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
- gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(grefs[j], 0);
- return err;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(xenbus_grant_ring);
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 31/38] xen/grant-table: add gnttab_try_end_foreign_access()
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (29 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 30/38] xen/xenbus: dont let xenbus_grant_ring() remove grants in error case Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 32/38] xen/blkfront: dont use gnttab_query_foreign_access() for mapped status Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (12 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Demi Marie Obenour, Juergen Gross,
Jan Beulich
From: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Commit 6b1775f26a2da2b05a6dc8ec2b5d14e9a4701a1a upstream.
Add a new grant table function gnttab_try_end_foreign_access(), which
will remove and free a grant if it is not in use.
Its main use case is to either free a grant if it is no longer in use,
or to take some other action if it is still in use. This other action
can be an error exit, or (e.g. in the case of blkfront persistent grant
feature) some special handling.
This is CVE-2022-23036, CVE-2022-23038 / part of XSA-396.
Reported-by: Demi Marie Obenour <demi@invisiblethingslab.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/xen/grant-table.c | 14 ++++++++++++--
include/xen/grant_table.h | 12 ++++++++++++
2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
--- a/drivers/xen/grant-table.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/grant-table.c
@@ -377,11 +377,21 @@ static void gnttab_add_deferred(grant_re
what, ref, page ? page_to_pfn(page) : -1);
}
+int gnttab_try_end_foreign_access(grant_ref_t ref)
+{
+ int ret = _gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(ref, 0);
+
+ if (ret)
+ put_free_entry(ref);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gnttab_try_end_foreign_access);
+
void gnttab_end_foreign_access(grant_ref_t ref, int readonly,
unsigned long page)
{
- if (gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(ref, readonly)) {
- put_free_entry(ref);
+ if (gnttab_try_end_foreign_access(ref)) {
if (page != 0)
put_page(virt_to_page(page));
} else
--- a/include/xen/grant_table.h
+++ b/include/xen/grant_table.h
@@ -97,10 +97,22 @@ int gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(grant_
* access has been ended, free the given page too. Access will be ended
* immediately iff the grant entry is not in use, otherwise it will happen
* some time later. page may be 0, in which case no freeing will occur.
+ * Note that the granted page might still be accessed (read or write) by the
+ * other side after gnttab_end_foreign_access() returns, so even if page was
+ * specified as 0 it is not allowed to just reuse the page for other
+ * purposes immediately.
*/
void gnttab_end_foreign_access(grant_ref_t ref, int readonly,
unsigned long page);
+/*
+ * End access through the given grant reference, iff the grant entry is
+ * no longer in use. In case of success ending foreign access, the
+ * grant reference is deallocated.
+ * Return 1 if the grant entry was freed, 0 if it is still in use.
+ */
+int gnttab_try_end_foreign_access(grant_ref_t ref);
+
int gnttab_grant_foreign_transfer(domid_t domid, unsigned long pfn);
unsigned long gnttab_end_foreign_transfer_ref(grant_ref_t ref);
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 32/38] xen/blkfront: dont use gnttab_query_foreign_access() for mapped status
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (30 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 31/38] xen/grant-table: add gnttab_try_end_foreign_access() Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 33/38] xen/netfront: " Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (11 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Demi Marie Obenour, Juergen Gross,
Roger Pau Monné
From: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Commit abf1fd5919d6238ee3bc5eb4a9b6c3947caa6638 upstream.
It isn't enough to check whether a grant is still being in use by
calling gnttab_query_foreign_access(), as a mapping could be realized
by the other side just after having called that function.
In case the call was done in preparation of revoking a grant it is
better to do so via gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref() and check the
success of that operation instead.
For the ring allocation use alloc_pages_exact() in order to avoid
high order pages in case of a multi-page ring.
If a grant wasn't unmapped by the backend without persistent grants
being used, set the device state to "error".
This is CVE-2022-23036 / part of XSA-396.
Reported-by: Demi Marie Obenour <demi@invisiblethingslab.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/block/xen-blkfront.c | 67 +++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
1 file changed, 39 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)
--- a/drivers/block/xen-blkfront.c
+++ b/drivers/block/xen-blkfront.c
@@ -1266,17 +1266,16 @@ static void blkif_free_ring(struct blkfr
list_for_each_entry_safe(persistent_gnt, n,
&rinfo->grants, node) {
list_del(&persistent_gnt->node);
- if (persistent_gnt->gref != GRANT_INVALID_REF) {
- gnttab_end_foreign_access(persistent_gnt->gref,
- 0, 0UL);
- rinfo->persistent_gnts_c--;
- }
+ if (persistent_gnt->gref == GRANT_INVALID_REF ||
+ !gnttab_try_end_foreign_access(persistent_gnt->gref))
+ continue;
+
+ rinfo->persistent_gnts_c--;
if (info->feature_persistent)
__free_page(persistent_gnt->page);
kfree(persistent_gnt);
}
}
- BUG_ON(rinfo->persistent_gnts_c != 0);
for (i = 0; i < BLK_RING_SIZE(info); i++) {
/*
@@ -1333,7 +1332,8 @@ free_shadow:
rinfo->ring_ref[i] = GRANT_INVALID_REF;
}
}
- free_pages((unsigned long)rinfo->ring.sring, get_order(info->nr_ring_pages * XEN_PAGE_SIZE));
+ free_pages_exact(rinfo->ring.sring,
+ info->nr_ring_pages * XEN_PAGE_SIZE);
rinfo->ring.sring = NULL;
if (rinfo->irq)
@@ -1417,9 +1417,15 @@ static int blkif_get_final_status(enum b
return BLKIF_RSP_OKAY;
}
-static bool blkif_completion(unsigned long *id,
- struct blkfront_ring_info *rinfo,
- struct blkif_response *bret)
+/*
+ * Return values:
+ * 1 response processed.
+ * 0 missing further responses.
+ * -1 error while processing.
+ */
+static int blkif_completion(unsigned long *id,
+ struct blkfront_ring_info *rinfo,
+ struct blkif_response *bret)
{
int i = 0;
struct scatterlist *sg;
@@ -1493,42 +1499,43 @@ static bool blkif_completion(unsigned lo
}
/* Add the persistent grant into the list of free grants */
for (i = 0; i < num_grant; i++) {
- if (gnttab_query_foreign_access(s->grants_used[i]->gref)) {
+ if (!gnttab_try_end_foreign_access(s->grants_used[i]->gref)) {
/*
* If the grant is still mapped by the backend (the
* backend has chosen to make this grant persistent)
* we add it at the head of the list, so it will be
* reused first.
*/
- if (!info->feature_persistent)
- pr_alert_ratelimited("backed has not unmapped grant: %u\n",
- s->grants_used[i]->gref);
+ if (!info->feature_persistent) {
+ pr_alert("backed has not unmapped grant: %u\n",
+ s->grants_used[i]->gref);
+ return -1;
+ }
list_add(&s->grants_used[i]->node, &rinfo->grants);
rinfo->persistent_gnts_c++;
} else {
/*
- * If the grant is not mapped by the backend we end the
- * foreign access and add it to the tail of the list,
- * so it will not be picked again unless we run out of
- * persistent grants.
+ * If the grant is not mapped by the backend we add it
+ * to the tail of the list, so it will not be picked
+ * again unless we run out of persistent grants.
*/
- gnttab_end_foreign_access(s->grants_used[i]->gref, 0, 0UL);
s->grants_used[i]->gref = GRANT_INVALID_REF;
list_add_tail(&s->grants_used[i]->node, &rinfo->grants);
}
}
if (s->req.operation == BLKIF_OP_INDIRECT) {
for (i = 0; i < INDIRECT_GREFS(num_grant); i++) {
- if (gnttab_query_foreign_access(s->indirect_grants[i]->gref)) {
- if (!info->feature_persistent)
- pr_alert_ratelimited("backed has not unmapped grant: %u\n",
- s->indirect_grants[i]->gref);
+ if (!gnttab_try_end_foreign_access(s->indirect_grants[i]->gref)) {
+ if (!info->feature_persistent) {
+ pr_alert("backed has not unmapped grant: %u\n",
+ s->indirect_grants[i]->gref);
+ return -1;
+ }
list_add(&s->indirect_grants[i]->node, &rinfo->grants);
rinfo->persistent_gnts_c++;
} else {
struct page *indirect_page;
- gnttab_end_foreign_access(s->indirect_grants[i]->gref, 0, 0UL);
/*
* Add the used indirect page back to the list of
* available pages for indirect grefs.
@@ -1610,12 +1617,17 @@ static irqreturn_t blkif_interrupt(int i
}
if (bret.operation != BLKIF_OP_DISCARD) {
+ int ret;
+
/*
* We may need to wait for an extra response if the
* I/O request is split in 2
*/
- if (!blkif_completion(&id, rinfo, &bret))
+ ret = blkif_completion(&id, rinfo, &bret);
+ if (!ret)
continue;
+ if (unlikely(ret < 0))
+ goto err;
}
if (add_id_to_freelist(rinfo, id)) {
@@ -1717,8 +1729,7 @@ static int setup_blkring(struct xenbus_d
for (i = 0; i < info->nr_ring_pages; i++)
rinfo->ring_ref[i] = GRANT_INVALID_REF;
- sring = (struct blkif_sring *)__get_free_pages(GFP_NOIO | __GFP_HIGH,
- get_order(ring_size));
+ sring = alloc_pages_exact(ring_size, GFP_NOIO);
if (!sring) {
xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, -ENOMEM, "allocating shared ring");
return -ENOMEM;
@@ -1728,7 +1739,7 @@ static int setup_blkring(struct xenbus_d
err = xenbus_grant_ring(dev, rinfo->ring.sring, info->nr_ring_pages, gref);
if (err < 0) {
- free_pages((unsigned long)sring, get_order(ring_size));
+ free_pages_exact(sring, ring_size);
rinfo->ring.sring = NULL;
goto fail;
}
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 33/38] xen/netfront: dont use gnttab_query_foreign_access() for mapped status
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (31 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 32/38] xen/blkfront: dont use gnttab_query_foreign_access() for mapped status Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 34/38] xen/scsifront: " Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (10 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Demi Marie Obenour, Juergen Gross,
Jan Beulich
From: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Commit 31185df7e2b1d2fa1de4900247a12d7b9c7087eb upstream.
It isn't enough to check whether a grant is still being in use by
calling gnttab_query_foreign_access(), as a mapping could be realized
by the other side just after having called that function.
In case the call was done in preparation of revoking a grant it is
better to do so via gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref() and check the
success of that operation instead.
This is CVE-2022-23037 / part of XSA-396.
Reported-by: Demi Marie Obenour <demi@invisiblethingslab.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/net/xen-netfront.c | 6 ++----
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
--- a/drivers/net/xen-netfront.c
+++ b/drivers/net/xen-netfront.c
@@ -413,14 +413,12 @@ static bool xennet_tx_buf_gc(struct netf
queue->tx_link[id] = TX_LINK_NONE;
skb = queue->tx_skbs[id];
queue->tx_skbs[id] = NULL;
- if (unlikely(gnttab_query_foreign_access(
- queue->grant_tx_ref[id]) != 0)) {
+ if (unlikely(!gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(
+ queue->grant_tx_ref[id], GNTMAP_readonly))) {
dev_alert(dev,
"Grant still in use by backend domain\n");
goto err;
}
- gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(
- queue->grant_tx_ref[id], GNTMAP_readonly);
gnttab_release_grant_reference(
&queue->gref_tx_head, queue->grant_tx_ref[id]);
queue->grant_tx_ref[id] = GRANT_INVALID_REF;
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 34/38] xen/scsifront: dont use gnttab_query_foreign_access() for mapped status
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (32 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 33/38] xen/netfront: " Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 35/38] xen/gntalloc: dont use gnttab_query_foreign_access() Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (9 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Demi Marie Obenour, Juergen Gross,
Jan Beulich
From: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Commit 33172ab50a53578a95691310f49567c9266968b0 upstream.
It isn't enough to check whether a grant is still being in use by
calling gnttab_query_foreign_access(), as a mapping could be realized
by the other side just after having called that function.
In case the call was done in preparation of revoking a grant it is
better to do so via gnttab_try_end_foreign_access() and check the
success of that operation instead.
This is CVE-2022-23038 / part of XSA-396.
Reported-by: Demi Marie Obenour <demi@invisiblethingslab.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/scsi/xen-scsifront.c | 3 +--
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)
--- a/drivers/scsi/xen-scsifront.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/xen-scsifront.c
@@ -210,12 +210,11 @@ static void scsifront_gnttab_done(struct
return;
for (i = 0; i < s->nr_grants; i++) {
- if (unlikely(gnttab_query_foreign_access(s->gref[i]) != 0)) {
+ if (unlikely(!gnttab_try_end_foreign_access(s->gref[i]))) {
shost_printk(KERN_ALERT, info->host, KBUILD_MODNAME
"grant still in use by backend\n");
BUG();
}
- gnttab_end_foreign_access(s->gref[i], 0, 0UL);
}
kfree(s->sg);
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 35/38] xen/gntalloc: dont use gnttab_query_foreign_access()
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (33 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 34/38] xen/scsifront: " Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 36/38] xen: remove gnttab_query_foreign_access() Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (8 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Demi Marie Obenour, Juergen Gross,
Jan Beulich
From: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Commit d3b6372c5881cb54925212abb62c521df8ba4809 upstream.
Using gnttab_query_foreign_access() is unsafe, as it is racy by design.
The use case in the gntalloc driver is not needed at all. While at it
replace the call of gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref() with a call of
gnttab_end_foreign_access(), which is what is really wanted there. In
case the grant wasn't used due to an allocation failure, just free the
grant via gnttab_free_grant_reference().
This is CVE-2022-23039 / part of XSA-396.
Reported-by: Demi Marie Obenour <demi@invisiblethingslab.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/xen/gntalloc.c | 25 +++++++------------------
1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
--- a/drivers/xen/gntalloc.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/gntalloc.c
@@ -166,20 +166,14 @@ undo:
__del_gref(gref);
}
- /* It's possible for the target domain to map the just-allocated grant
- * references by blindly guessing their IDs; if this is done, then
- * __del_gref will leave them in the queue_gref list. They need to be
- * added to the global list so that we can free them when they are no
- * longer referenced.
- */
- if (unlikely(!list_empty(&queue_gref)))
- list_splice_tail(&queue_gref, &gref_list);
mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
return rc;
}
static void __del_gref(struct gntalloc_gref *gref)
{
+ unsigned long addr;
+
if (gref->notify.flags & UNMAP_NOTIFY_CLEAR_BYTE) {
uint8_t *tmp = kmap(gref->page);
tmp[gref->notify.pgoff] = 0;
@@ -193,21 +187,16 @@ static void __del_gref(struct gntalloc_g
gref->notify.flags = 0;
if (gref->gref_id) {
- if (gnttab_query_foreign_access(gref->gref_id))
- return;
-
- if (!gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(gref->gref_id, 0))
- return;
-
- gnttab_free_grant_reference(gref->gref_id);
+ if (gref->page) {
+ addr = (unsigned long)page_to_virt(gref->page);
+ gnttab_end_foreign_access(gref->gref_id, 0, addr);
+ } else
+ gnttab_free_grant_reference(gref->gref_id);
}
gref_size--;
list_del(&gref->next_gref);
- if (gref->page)
- __free_page(gref->page);
-
kfree(gref);
}
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 36/38] xen: remove gnttab_query_foreign_access()
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (34 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 35/38] xen/gntalloc: dont use gnttab_query_foreign_access() Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 37/38] xen/gnttab: fix gnttab_end_foreign_access() without page specified Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (7 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel; +Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Juergen Gross, Jan Beulich
From: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Commit 1dbd11ca75fe664d3e54607547771d021f531f59 upstream.
Remove gnttab_query_foreign_access(), as it is unused and unsafe to
use.
All previous use cases assumed a grant would not be in use after
gnttab_query_foreign_access() returned 0. This information is useless
in best case, as it only refers to a situation in the past, which could
have changed already.
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/xen/grant-table.c | 19 -------------------
include/xen/grant_table.h | 2 --
2 files changed, 21 deletions(-)
--- a/drivers/xen/grant-table.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/grant-table.c
@@ -113,13 +113,6 @@ struct gnttab_ops {
* return the frame.
*/
unsigned long (*end_foreign_transfer_ref)(grant_ref_t ref);
- /*
- * Query the status of a grant entry. Ref parameter is reference of
- * queried grant entry, return value is the status of queried entry.
- * Detailed status(writing/reading) can be gotten from the return value
- * by bit operations.
- */
- int (*query_foreign_access)(grant_ref_t ref);
};
struct unmap_refs_callback_data {
@@ -254,17 +247,6 @@ int gnttab_grant_foreign_access(domid_t
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gnttab_grant_foreign_access);
-static int gnttab_query_foreign_access_v1(grant_ref_t ref)
-{
- return gnttab_shared.v1[ref].flags & (GTF_reading|GTF_writing);
-}
-
-int gnttab_query_foreign_access(grant_ref_t ref)
-{
- return gnttab_interface->query_foreign_access(ref);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gnttab_query_foreign_access);
-
static int gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref_v1(grant_ref_t ref, int readonly)
{
u16 flags, nflags;
@@ -1028,7 +1010,6 @@ static const struct gnttab_ops gnttab_v1
.update_entry = gnttab_update_entry_v1,
.end_foreign_access_ref = gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref_v1,
.end_foreign_transfer_ref = gnttab_end_foreign_transfer_ref_v1,
- .query_foreign_access = gnttab_query_foreign_access_v1,
};
static void gnttab_request_version(void)
--- a/include/xen/grant_table.h
+++ b/include/xen/grant_table.h
@@ -118,8 +118,6 @@ int gnttab_grant_foreign_transfer(domid_
unsigned long gnttab_end_foreign_transfer_ref(grant_ref_t ref);
unsigned long gnttab_end_foreign_transfer(grant_ref_t ref);
-int gnttab_query_foreign_access(grant_ref_t ref);
-
/*
* operations on reserved batches of grant references
*/
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 37/38] xen/gnttab: fix gnttab_end_foreign_access() without page specified
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (35 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 36/38] xen: remove gnttab_query_foreign_access() Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 38/38] xen/netfront: react properly to failing gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref() Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (6 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Simon Gaiser, Juergen Gross, Jan Beulich
From: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Commit 42baefac638f06314298087394b982ead9ec444b upstream.
gnttab_end_foreign_access() is used to free a grant reference and
optionally to free the associated page. In case the grant is still in
use by the other side processing is being deferred. This leads to a
problem in case no page to be freed is specified by the caller: the
caller doesn't know that the page is still mapped by the other side
and thus should not be used for other purposes.
The correct way to handle this situation is to take an additional
reference to the granted page in case handling is being deferred and
to drop that reference when the grant reference could be freed
finally.
This requires that there are no users of gnttab_end_foreign_access()
left directly repurposing the granted page after the call, as this
might result in clobbered data or information leaks via the not yet
freed grant reference.
This is part of CVE-2022-23041 / XSA-396.
Reported-by: Simon Gaiser <simon@invisiblethingslab.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/xen/grant-table.c | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------
include/xen/grant_table.h | 7 ++++++-
2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
--- a/drivers/xen/grant-table.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/grant-table.c
@@ -113,6 +113,10 @@ struct gnttab_ops {
* return the frame.
*/
unsigned long (*end_foreign_transfer_ref)(grant_ref_t ref);
+ /*
+ * Read the frame number related to a given grant reference.
+ */
+ unsigned long (*read_frame)(grant_ref_t ref);
};
struct unmap_refs_callback_data {
@@ -277,6 +281,11 @@ int gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(grant_
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref);
+static unsigned long gnttab_read_frame_v1(grant_ref_t ref)
+{
+ return gnttab_shared.v1[ref].frame;
+}
+
struct deferred_entry {
struct list_head list;
grant_ref_t ref;
@@ -306,12 +315,9 @@ static void gnttab_handle_deferred(unsig
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gnttab_list_lock, flags);
if (_gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(entry->ref, entry->ro)) {
put_free_entry(entry->ref);
- if (entry->page) {
- pr_debug("freeing g.e. %#x (pfn %#lx)\n",
- entry->ref, page_to_pfn(entry->page));
- put_page(entry->page);
- } else
- pr_info("freeing g.e. %#x\n", entry->ref);
+ pr_debug("freeing g.e. %#x (pfn %#lx)\n",
+ entry->ref, page_to_pfn(entry->page));
+ put_page(entry->page);
kfree(entry);
entry = NULL;
} else {
@@ -336,9 +342,18 @@ static void gnttab_handle_deferred(unsig
static void gnttab_add_deferred(grant_ref_t ref, bool readonly,
struct page *page)
{
- struct deferred_entry *entry = kmalloc(sizeof(*entry), GFP_ATOMIC);
+ struct deferred_entry *entry;
+ gfp_t gfp = (in_atomic() || irqs_disabled()) ? GFP_ATOMIC : GFP_KERNEL;
const char *what = KERN_WARNING "leaking";
+ entry = kmalloc(sizeof(*entry), gfp);
+ if (!page) {
+ unsigned long gfn = gnttab_interface->read_frame(ref);
+
+ page = pfn_to_page(gfn_to_pfn(gfn));
+ get_page(page);
+ }
+
if (entry) {
unsigned long flags;
@@ -1010,6 +1025,7 @@ static const struct gnttab_ops gnttab_v1
.update_entry = gnttab_update_entry_v1,
.end_foreign_access_ref = gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref_v1,
.end_foreign_transfer_ref = gnttab_end_foreign_transfer_ref_v1,
+ .read_frame = gnttab_read_frame_v1,
};
static void gnttab_request_version(void)
--- a/include/xen/grant_table.h
+++ b/include/xen/grant_table.h
@@ -100,7 +100,12 @@ int gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(grant_
* Note that the granted page might still be accessed (read or write) by the
* other side after gnttab_end_foreign_access() returns, so even if page was
* specified as 0 it is not allowed to just reuse the page for other
- * purposes immediately.
+ * purposes immediately. gnttab_end_foreign_access() will take an additional
+ * reference to the granted page in this case, which is dropped only after
+ * the grant is no longer in use.
+ * This requires that multi page allocations for areas subject to
+ * gnttab_end_foreign_access() are done via alloc_pages_exact() (and freeing
+ * via free_pages_exact()) in order to avoid high order pages.
*/
void gnttab_end_foreign_access(grant_ref_t ref, int readonly,
unsigned long page);
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4.9 38/38] xen/netfront: react properly to failing gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref()
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (36 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 37/38] xen/gnttab: fix gnttab_end_foreign_access() without page specified Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 14:13 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-03-10 18:00 ` [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Pavel Machek
` (5 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-03-10 14:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, Demi Marie Obenour, Juergen Gross,
Jan Beulich
From: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Commit 66e3531b33ee51dad17c463b4d9c9f52e341503d upstream.
When calling gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref() the returned value must
be tested and the reaction to that value should be appropriate.
In case of failure in xennet_get_responses() the reaction should not be
to crash the system, but to disable the network device.
The calls in setup_netfront() can be replaced by calls of
gnttab_end_foreign_access(). While at it avoid double free of ring
pages and grant references via xennet_disconnect_backend() in this case.
This is CVE-2022-23042 / part of XSA-396.
Reported-by: Demi Marie Obenour <demi@invisiblethingslab.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/net/xen-netfront.c | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
--- a/drivers/net/xen-netfront.c
+++ b/drivers/net/xen-netfront.c
@@ -838,7 +838,6 @@ static int xennet_get_responses(struct n
int max = XEN_NETIF_NR_SLOTS_MIN + (rx->status <= RX_COPY_THRESHOLD);
int slots = 1;
int err = 0;
- unsigned long ret;
if (rx->flags & XEN_NETRXF_extra_info) {
err = xennet_get_extras(queue, extras, rp);
@@ -869,8 +868,13 @@ static int xennet_get_responses(struct n
goto next;
}
- ret = gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(ref, 0);
- BUG_ON(!ret);
+ if (!gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(ref, 0)) {
+ dev_alert(dev,
+ "Grant still in use by backend domain\n");
+ queue->info->broken = true;
+ dev_alert(dev, "Disabled for further use\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
gnttab_release_grant_reference(&queue->gref_rx_head, ref);
@@ -1074,6 +1078,10 @@ static int xennet_poll(struct napi_struc
err = xennet_get_responses(queue, &rinfo, rp, &tmpq);
if (unlikely(err)) {
+ if (queue->info->broken) {
+ spin_unlock(&queue->rx_lock);
+ return 0;
+ }
err:
while ((skb = __skb_dequeue(&tmpq)))
__skb_queue_tail(&errq, skb);
@@ -1671,7 +1679,7 @@ static int setup_netfront(struct xenbus_
struct netfront_queue *queue, unsigned int feature_split_evtchn)
{
struct xen_netif_tx_sring *txs;
- struct xen_netif_rx_sring *rxs;
+ struct xen_netif_rx_sring *rxs = NULL;
grant_ref_t gref;
int err;
@@ -1691,21 +1699,21 @@ static int setup_netfront(struct xenbus_
err = xenbus_grant_ring(dev, txs, 1, &gref);
if (err < 0)
- goto grant_tx_ring_fail;
+ goto fail;
queue->tx_ring_ref = gref;
rxs = (struct xen_netif_rx_sring *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_NOIO | __GFP_HIGH);
if (!rxs) {
err = -ENOMEM;
xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "allocating rx ring page");
- goto alloc_rx_ring_fail;
+ goto fail;
}
SHARED_RING_INIT(rxs);
FRONT_RING_INIT(&queue->rx, rxs, XEN_PAGE_SIZE);
err = xenbus_grant_ring(dev, rxs, 1, &gref);
if (err < 0)
- goto grant_rx_ring_fail;
+ goto fail;
queue->rx_ring_ref = gref;
if (feature_split_evtchn)
@@ -1718,22 +1726,28 @@ static int setup_netfront(struct xenbus_
err = setup_netfront_single(queue);
if (err)
- goto alloc_evtchn_fail;
+ goto fail;
return 0;
/* If we fail to setup netfront, it is safe to just revoke access to
* granted pages because backend is not accessing it at this point.
*/
-alloc_evtchn_fail:
- gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(queue->rx_ring_ref, 0);
-grant_rx_ring_fail:
- free_page((unsigned long)rxs);
-alloc_rx_ring_fail:
- gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(queue->tx_ring_ref, 0);
-grant_tx_ring_fail:
- free_page((unsigned long)txs);
-fail:
+ fail:
+ if (queue->rx_ring_ref != GRANT_INVALID_REF) {
+ gnttab_end_foreign_access(queue->rx_ring_ref, 0,
+ (unsigned long)rxs);
+ queue->rx_ring_ref = GRANT_INVALID_REF;
+ } else {
+ free_page((unsigned long)rxs);
+ }
+ if (queue->tx_ring_ref != GRANT_INVALID_REF) {
+ gnttab_end_foreign_access(queue->tx_ring_ref, 0,
+ (unsigned long)txs);
+ queue->tx_ring_ref = GRANT_INVALID_REF;
+ } else {
+ free_page((unsigned long)txs);
+ }
return err;
}
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* Re: [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (37 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 14:13 ` [PATCH 4.9 38/38] xen/netfront: react properly to failing gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref() Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2022-03-10 18:00 ` Pavel Machek
2022-03-10 18:48 ` Jon Hunter
` (4 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Pavel Machek @ 2022-03-10 18:00 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman
Cc: linux-kernel, stable, torvalds, akpm, linux, shuah, patches,
lkft-triage, pavel, jonathanh, f.fainelli, sudipm.mukherjee,
slade
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 670 bytes --]
Hi!
> This is the start of the stable review cycle for the 4.9.306 release.
> There are 38 patches in this series, all will be posted as a response
> to this one. If anyone has any issues with these being applied, please
> let me know.
CIP testing did not find any problems here:
https://gitlab.com/cip-project/cip-testing/linux-stable-rc-ci/-/tree/linux-4.9.y
Tested-by: Pavel Machek (CIP) <pavel@denx.de>
Best regards,
Pavel
--
DENX Software Engineering GmbH, Managing Director: Wolfgang Denk
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
[-- Attachment #2: signature.asc --]
[-- Type: application/pgp-signature, Size: 195 bytes --]
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* Re: [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (38 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 18:00 ` [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Pavel Machek
@ 2022-03-10 18:48 ` Jon Hunter
2022-03-10 19:35 ` Shuah Khan
` (3 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Jon Hunter @ 2022-03-10 18:48 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, stable, torvalds, akpm, linux, shuah,
patches, lkft-triage, pavel, jonathanh, f.fainelli,
sudipm.mukherjee, slade, linux-tegra
On Thu, 10 Mar 2022 15:13:13 +0100, Greg Kroah-Hartman wrote:
> This is the start of the stable review cycle for the 4.9.306 release.
> There are 38 patches in this series, all will be posted as a response
> to this one. If anyone has any issues with these being applied, please
> let me know.
>
> Responses should be made by Sat, 12 Mar 2022 14:07:58 +0000.
> Anything received after that time might be too late.
>
> The whole patch series can be found in one patch at:
> https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/stable-review/patch-4.9.306-rc2.gz
> or in the git tree and branch at:
> git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable-rc.git linux-4.9.y
> and the diffstat can be found below.
>
> thanks,
>
> greg k-h
All tests passing for Tegra ...
Test results for stable-v4.9:
8 builds: 8 pass, 0 fail
16 boots: 16 pass, 0 fail
32 tests: 32 pass, 0 fail
Linux version: 4.9.306-rc2-g274dadc1cdeb
Boards tested: tegra124-jetson-tk1, tegra20-ventana,
tegra210-p2371-2180, tegra30-cardhu-a04
Tested-by: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Jon
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* Re: [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (39 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 18:48 ` Jon Hunter
@ 2022-03-10 19:35 ` Shuah Khan
2022-03-10 20:14 ` Florian Fainelli
` (2 subsequent siblings)
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Shuah Khan @ 2022-03-10 19:35 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman, linux-kernel
Cc: stable, torvalds, akpm, linux, shuah, patches, lkft-triage,
pavel, jonathanh, f.fainelli, sudipm.mukherjee, slade,
Shuah Khan
On 3/10/22 7:13 AM, Greg Kroah-Hartman wrote:
> This is the start of the stable review cycle for the 4.9.306 release.
> There are 38 patches in this series, all will be posted as a response
> to this one. If anyone has any issues with these being applied, please
> let me know.
>
> Responses should be made by Sat, 12 Mar 2022 14:07:58 +0000.
> Anything received after that time might be too late.
>
> The whole patch series can be found in one patch at:
> https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/stable-review/patch-4.9.306-rc2.gz
> or in the git tree and branch at:
> git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable-rc.git linux-4.9.y
> and the diffstat can be found below.
>
> thanks,
>
> greg k-h
>
Compiled and booted on my test system. No dmesg regressions.
Tested-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
thanks,
-- Shuah
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* Re: [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (40 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 19:35 ` Shuah Khan
@ 2022-03-10 20:14 ` Florian Fainelli
2022-03-11 1:13 ` Guenter Roeck
2022-03-11 13:35 ` Naresh Kamboju
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Florian Fainelli @ 2022-03-10 20:14 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman, linux-kernel
Cc: stable, torvalds, akpm, linux, shuah, patches, lkft-triage,
pavel, jonathanh, sudipm.mukherjee, slade
On 3/10/22 6:13 AM, Greg Kroah-Hartman wrote:
> This is the start of the stable review cycle for the 4.9.306 release.
> There are 38 patches in this series, all will be posted as a response
> to this one. If anyone has any issues with these being applied, please
> let me know.
>
> Responses should be made by Sat, 12 Mar 2022 14:07:58 +0000.
> Anything received after that time might be too late.
>
> The whole patch series can be found in one patch at:
> https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/stable-review/patch-4.9.306-rc2.gz
> or in the git tree and branch at:
> git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable-rc.git linux-4.9.y
> and the diffstat can be found below.
>
> thanks,
>
> greg k-h
On ARCH_BRCMSTB using 32-bit and 64-bit ARM kernels:
Tested-by: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
--
Florian
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* Re: [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (41 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-10 20:14 ` Florian Fainelli
@ 2022-03-11 1:13 ` Guenter Roeck
2022-03-11 13:35 ` Naresh Kamboju
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Guenter Roeck @ 2022-03-11 1:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman
Cc: linux-kernel, stable, torvalds, akpm, shuah, patches,
lkft-triage, pavel, jonathanh, f.fainelli, sudipm.mukherjee,
slade
On Thu, Mar 10, 2022 at 03:13:13PM +0100, Greg Kroah-Hartman wrote:
> This is the start of the stable review cycle for the 4.9.306 release.
> There are 38 patches in this series, all will be posted as a response
> to this one. If anyone has any issues with these being applied, please
> let me know.
>
> Responses should be made by Sat, 12 Mar 2022 14:07:58 +0000.
> Anything received after that time might be too late.
>
Build results:
total: 163 pass: 163 fail: 0
Qemu test results:
total: 397 pass: 397 fail: 0
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Guenter
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 45+ messages in thread* Re: [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review
2022-03-10 14:13 [PATCH 4.9 00/38] 4.9.306-rc2 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (42 preceding siblings ...)
2022-03-11 1:13 ` Guenter Roeck
@ 2022-03-11 13:35 ` Naresh Kamboju
43 siblings, 0 replies; 45+ messages in thread
From: Naresh Kamboju @ 2022-03-11 13:35 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman
Cc: linux-kernel, stable, torvalds, akpm, linux, shuah, patches,
lkft-triage, pavel, jonathanh, f.fainelli, sudipm.mukherjee,
slade
On Thu, 10 Mar 2022 at 19:45, Greg Kroah-Hartman
<gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> wrote:
>
> This is the start of the stable review cycle for the 4.9.306 release.
> There are 38 patches in this series, all will be posted as a response
> to this one. If anyone has any issues with these being applied, please
> let me know.
>
> Responses should be made by Sat, 12 Mar 2022 14:07:58 +0000.
> Anything received after that time might be too late.
>
> The whole patch series can be found in one patch at:
> https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/stable-review/patch-4.9.306-rc2.gz
> or in the git tree and branch at:
> git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable-rc.git linux-4.9.y
> and the diffstat can be found below.
>
> thanks,
>
> greg k-h
Results from Linaro’s test farm.
No regressions on arm64, arm, x86_64, and i386.
Tested-by: Linux Kernel Functional Testing <lkft@linaro.org>
## Build
* kernel: 4.9.306-rc2
* git: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable-rc.git
* git branch: linux-4.9.y
* git commit: 274dadc1cdeb33ce11f6d23f6b89e75249d8f8c4
* git describe: v4.9.305-39-g274dadc1cdeb
* test details:
https://qa-reports.linaro.org/lkft/linux-stable-rc-linux-4.9.y/build/v4.9.305-39-g274dadc1cdeb
## Test Regressions (compared to v4.9.304-34-gd3c7ac3bc772)
No test regressions found.
## Metric Regressions (compared to v4.9.304-34-gd3c7ac3bc772)
No metric regressions found.
## Test Fixes (compared to v4.9.304-34-gd3c7ac3bc772)
No test fixes found.
## Metric Fixes (compared to v4.9.304-34-gd3c7ac3bc772)
No metric fixes found.
## Test result summary
total: 70888, pass: 56046, fail: 861, skip: 11856, xfail: 2125
## Build Summary
* arm: 254 total, 238 passed, 16 failed
* arm64: 32 total, 32 passed, 0 failed
* dragonboard-410c: 1 total, 1 passed, 0 failed
* hi6220-hikey: 1 total, 1 passed, 0 failed
* i386: 19 total, 19 passed, 0 failed
* juno-r2: 1 total, 1 passed, 0 failed
* mips: 22 total, 22 passed, 0 failed
* sparc: 12 total, 12 passed, 0 failed
* x15: 1 total, 1 passed, 0 failed
* x86: 1 total, 1 passed, 0 failed
* x86_64: 31 total, 31 passed, 0 failed
## Test suites summary
* fwts
* kselftest-android
* kselftest-arm64
* kselftest-bpf
* kselftest-breakpoints
* kselftest-capabilities
* kselftest-cgroup
* kselftest-clone3
* kselftest-core
* kselftest-cpu-hotplug
* kselftest-cpufreq
* kselftest-drivers
* kselftest-efivarfs
* kselftest-filesystems
* kselftest-firmware
* kselftest-fpu
* kselftest-futex
* kselftest-gpio
* kselftest-intel_pstate
* kselftest-ipc
* kselftest-ir
* kselftest-kcmp
* kselftest-kexec
* kselftest-kvm
* kselftest-lib
* kselftest-livepatch
* kselftest-membarrier
* kselftest-openat2
* kselftest-pid_namespace
* kselftest-pidfd
* kselftest-proc
* kselftest-pstore
* kselftest-ptrace
* kselftest-rseq
* kselftest-rtc
* kselftest-seccomp
* kselftest-sigaltstack
* kselftest-size
* kselftest-splice
* kselftest-static_keys
* kselftest-sync
* kselftest-sysctl
* kselftest-timens
* kselftest-timers
* kselftest-tmpfs
* kselftest-tpm2
* kselftest-user
* kselftest-vm
* kselftest-x86
* kselftest-zram
* kvm-unit-tests
* libhugetlbfs
* linux-log-parser
* ltp-cap_bounds-tests
* ltp-commands-tests
* ltp-containers-tests
* ltp-controllers-tests
* ltp-cpuhotplug-tests
* ltp-crypto-tests
* ltp-cve-tests
* ltp-dio-tests
* ltp-fcntl-locktests-tests
* ltp-filecaps-tests
* ltp-fs-tests
* ltp-fs_bind-tests
* ltp-fs_perms_simple-tests
* ltp-fsx-tests
* ltp-hugetlb-tests
* ltp-io-tests
* ltp-ipc-tests
* ltp-math-tests
* ltp-mm-tests
* ltp-nptl-tests
* ltp-open-posix-tests
* ltp-pty-tests
* ltp-sched-tests
* ltp-securebits-tests
* ltp-syscalls-tests
* ltp-tracing-tests
* network-basic-tests
* packetdrill
* perf
* ssuite
* v4l2-compliance
* vdso
--
Linaro LKFT
https://lkft.linaro.org
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